Periodic Table - Notes

2. Describe the difference
between groups and periods
on the periodic table.

History of P-Table

●In the late 1800’s, a Russian chemist named Dmitri Mendeleev presented a way to
organized all the known elements.

○This called the periodic table

●He arranged the elements in rows based on increase atomic mass

○Now the number of protons

●He arranged elements in columns based on elements that shared similar properties

●He left blank space and predicted properties for elements not yet discover.

Parts of the Periodic Table

●Groups (also called family)

○Vertical columns

■Each column has similar properties

●For an example family of Sodium, Lithium etc all react violently in water

●Periods

○Horizontal rows

■Do not share similar properties

■Do have the same number of energy levels.

Energy Levels

●The period number is related to the amount of energy levels in those atoms

○For an example row 3 has 3 energy levels.

●More energy levels the bigger the atom.

3. I can obtain
information from the
periodic table.

What does the periodic table tell us?

●Periodic table contains a lot of information about the different elements.

○A lot of the information depends on the paper.

○Most Periodic tables have at least the following information

What does the periodic table tell us?

●Atomic number

○How many protons the element has

■For an example Hydrogen has an atomic number of 1 meaning it has 1 proton.

○This is unique for each element

●Atomic mass

○Atomic mass refers the weight of the atom

○It comes from adding the protons and neutrons than average all of the known atoms of that
element

What does the periodic table tell us?

●Element Symbol

○Shorthand abbreviation that is unique that element

○First letter is always capitalized second letter (if there is one) is always lowercase

●Element Name

○This is the name of the element

○Names usually comes from

■Myths

■Mineral or similar substances

■Place

■Property of the element

■Scientist

4. I can describe the three
different regions on the
periodic table and how that
relates to the properties of
that element.

Regions on the Periodic Table

●There are three regions of
the periodic table

○Metals

○Metalloids (also called
stair steps)

○Nonmetals

●This how elements are
classified.

Metals

●Properties of Metals

○Good conductors of heat and electricity

○Malleable - hammered into sheets

○Ductile - stretched into wires

○Solids (with one exception)

●Found the left side of the periodic table

○Alkali

○Alkaline Earth

○Transition

○Inner Transition

○Post Transition

Nonmetals

●Properties of Nonmetals

○Can be solid, liquid, or gas

○Aren’t shiny

○Do not conduct heat or electricity

○Lower melting points

○Usually britter

●Include

○Halogens, Noble gasses, and other nonmetals

Metalloids

●In between the metals and nonmetals there are the metalloids

○Also called the stair step

●These elements tend to have properties similar to metals and nonmetals

○Are solids

○Generally look like metals

○Brittle

○Can conduct electricity but not as good as metals