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Qualitative and
Quantitative Dichotomy
in Research

Practical Research 1

LEARNING COMPENTENCIES

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

a. Differentiate quantitative from

qualitative research

b. Use appropriate kind of research in

undertaking a study

It is the process of constructing a
research plan that can assist you in
quickly understanding how the
theories and practices of your
research project work.

WHAT IS
PARADIGM?

RESEARCH PARADIGM

It is associated with
Thomas Kuhn’s (1970)
analysis of revolutions
in science.

01

02
It is a cluster of beliefs and
dictates which for scientists
in a particular discipline
influence what should be
studied, how research
should be done, how results
should be interpreted
(Bryman, 2008:605).

RESEARCH PARADIGM

It helps in
understanding the
phenomena to be
studied.

03

04
Creswell (1994,1) noted that in
integrating works of various
scholars, paradigms “advance
assumptions about the social
world, how science should be
conducted, what constitutes
legitimate problems, solutions, and
criteria of “proof”… as such,
paradigms encompass both
theories and methods.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF PARADIGM

●
It is an inquiry into a social or human
problem, based on testing a theory
composed of variables, measured
with numbers, and analyzed with
statistical procedures to determine
whether the predictive
generalizations of the theory hold
true (Creswell 1992, 2)

● It is defined as an inquiry

process of understanding a
social or human problem based
on building a complex, holistic
picture, formed with words,
reporting detailed views of
informants, conducted in a
natural setting (Creswell 1994, 2)

QUALITATIVE STUDY

QUANTITATIVE STUDY

QUANTITATIVE

It uses
numbers or
statistical
treatment to
find the result.

Sino ang mas mahusay ang Class A o
Class B?

1. Kung magbibilang kayo at gagamit ng
number gaya ng pagkumpara sa mga
scores nila.

2. Kung magkukumpirma at magtitest ng
theories at hypothesis.
Hal. Alin ang mas epektib ang long method
o short method sa Division?

QUALITATIVE

It studies the
nature of
phenomena.

Bakit nahihirapan sa Mathematics ang
Class A?

1. Kung gusto mong tuklasin ang mga
concepts, thoughts at experiences ng
mga mag-aaral

QUALITATIVE

It studies the
nature of
phenomena.

Ito ay tinatawag na exploratory research

Hindi ito nagko-compare

Hindi ito nagko-compare

Hindi ito gumagamit ng numerical data

Tinitingnan

nito

ang

isang

phenomena/pangyayari

Gumagawa ito ng isang makabuluhang
kwento ayon sa masusing pag-aaral

ASSESSMENT TIME!

Relationship Status

01

02

03

04

05

Test Scores of Students

Common struggles in school

Breakup reasons

Number of Exes

Covid cases in Pampanga

06

QUALITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE

QUALITATIVE

QUALITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE

RHETORICAL

EPISTEMOLOGICAL

AXIOLOGICAL

METHODOLOGICAL

is the study of knowledge. It deals with how knowledge is
gathered and from which sources.

studies judgements about the value

study of how writers and speakers use words to
influence an audience.

the assumptions made by the researcher regarding the
methods used in the process of qualitative research
(Creswell 2003).

PARADIGM

ONTOLOGICAL
the 'study of being', which is concerned with what actually exists
in the world about which humans can acquire knowledge

RHETORICAL

EPISTEMOLOGICAL

AXIOLOGICAL

METHODOLOGICAL

What is the relationship of the researcher to
that researched?

What is the role of values?

What is the language of research?

How do we go about discovering the answer
or reality?

PARADIGM

ONTOLOGICAL
What is reality?

ASSUMPTION

QUESTION

QUALITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE

Ontological

What is the nature

of reality?

Reality is subjective
and multiple as
seen by participants
in a study. It is
“constructed by the
individuals involved
in the research
situation.”
Researcher must
“report faithfully
these realities and
to rely on voices
and interpretations
of informants

Reality is
“objective”, “out
there” and singular
apart from the
researcher and can
be measured
objectively by using
a questionnaire or
an instrument.

ASSUMPTION

QUESTION

QUALITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE

Epistemological

What is the

relationship of the
researcher to that

researched?

Researcher
interacts with that
being researched
interaction may be
in the form of
living with or
observing
informants over a
prolonged period
of time, or actual
collaboration.

Researcher is
independent from
that being
researched. In
surveys and
experiments, for
instance,
“researchers
attempt to control
for bias, select a
systematic
sample, and be
“objective” in
assessing a
situation.

ASSUMPTION

QUESTION

QUALITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE

Axiological

What is the role of

values?

Value-laden and
biased wherein the
researcher
“admits” the value-
laden nature of the
study and actively
reports his or her
values and biases,
as well as the value
nature of
information
gathered from the
field.

Value-free and
unbiased
“accomplished”
through entirely
omitting
statements about
values from a
written report,
using impersonal
language, and
reporting “facts” –
arguing closely
from the evidence
gathered in the
study.

ASSUMPTION

QUESTION

QUALITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE

Rhetorical

What is the
language of
research?

•Informal

•Evolving
decisions

•Personal
Voice

•Accepted
qualitative
words –
understandin
g, discover
and meaning

•Formal

•Based on set
definitions

•Impersonal
Voice

•Use of
accepted
quantitative
words –
“relationship,
comparison,
and within-
group”

ASSUMPTION

QUESTION

QUALITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE

Methodological

What is the
process of
research?

•Inductive process

•Mutual simultaneous
shaping of factors

•Emerging design-
categories identified
during research
process

•Context-bound

•Patterns, theories
developed for
understanding

•Accurate and reliable
through verification

•Deductive process

•Cause and Effect

•Static design –
categories
isolated before
study

•Context-free

•Generalizations
leading to
prediction,
explanation, and
understanding

•Accurate and
reliable through
validity and
reliability

ACTIVITIES

1. What do you notice about the distinct feature of
the qualitative and quantitative research
paradigms?

2. Which of the two paradigms do you think you
are more inclined to adopt or follow when you
undertake your research?

TASK 1: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

QUESTIONS

A.

B.

WHAT ABOUT EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELDS?

PURPOSE STATEMENT

It is associated with Thomas Kuhn’s (1970) analysis of revolutions in science.

It is a cluster of beliefs and dictates which for scientists in a particular discipline
influence what should be studied, how research should be done, how results should be
interpreted (Bryman, 2008:605).

Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet in the Solar System. It's the fourth-
brightest object in the night sky. It was named after the Roman god of the skies and
lightning

Melegrito, Mendoza & Mactal (2016),
Applied Research: An Introduction
to Qualitative Research Methods and
Report Writing, Quezon City, The
Philippines: Phoenix (page 26-30)

REFERENCE

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