10.2 "Conflicts Over Land"

🙢

🙢 Discuss why and how Native Americans

were relocated from eastern states to western
states.

🙢 Explain why some Native Americans resisted

relocation and the outcomes of their
resistance.

Lesson Goals:

Looking Back, Looking Ahead
In Section 1, you learned about some of the actions Andrew
Jackson took as president. In Section 2, you will learn about
his policies toward Native Americans.

Moving Native Americans

The Cherokee held their land long before
European settlers arrived. Through treaties
with the United States government, the
Cherokee became a separate nation within
Georgia.

By the early 1800s, the Cherokee had
their own schools, their own newspaper,
and their own written constitution.

Sequoya’s invention of a Cherokee
alphabet enabled many of the
Cherokee to read and write in their
own language.

Click the link below to view the video and the video's transcript:

https://school.eb.com/levels/middle/assembly/view/267742

The Cherokee farmed some of
Georgia’s richest land, and in 1829
gold was discovered there. White
Americans began trespassing on
Cherokee territory in pursuit of
riches.

Moving Native Americans

MAIN IDEA: As settlements spread westward, many Native
Americans were forced off their lands.

What Was the Indian Removal Act?

In 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act. It allowed the federal
government to pay Native Americans to move west. Jackson then sent officials to
negotiate treaties with Native Americans of the Southeast. In 1834 Congress
created the Indian Territory, an area in present-day Oklahoma, for these Native
Americans.

The Cherokee Nation

🙢 The Cherokee Nation, however, refused to give up

its land. In treaties of the 1790s, the federal
government had recognized the Cherokee people as
a separate nation with their own laws. Georgia,
however, refused to recognize Cherokee laws.

🙢 The Cherokee sued the state and eventually took

their case to the Supreme Court. In Worcester v.
Georgia (1832), Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that
Georgia had no right to interfere with the Cherokee.
The Native Americans, he said, were protected by
the federal government and the Constitution.

Click the link below to view the video:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YfbJFf4UQZaj7tpqbLDuitCyWtJn6vBt/view?usp=sharing

The Cherokee Nation

President Jackson had supported Georgia’s efforts to removethe

Cherokee. He vowed to ignore the Supreme Court’s ruling.

“John Marshall has

made his

decision…. Now let

him enforce it.”

What Was the Trail of Tears?

In 1835 the federal government persuaded a few Cherokee to
sign a treaty giving up their people’s land. Yet most of the
Cherokee refused to honor the treaty. They wrote a protest letter
to the government and people of the United States pleading for
understanding. It did not soften the resolve of President Jackson
or the area’s white settlers. In 1838 federal troops under General
Winfield Scott came to remove the Cherokee from their homes
and lead them west.

The Seminole

The Seminole people of Florida were the only Native Americans who

successfully resisted their removal.

Although they were pressured in
the early 1830s to sign treaties
giving up their land, the Seminole
chief, Osceola, and some of
his people refused to leave Florida.
The Seminole decided to go to war
against the United States instead.

In 1835 the Seminole joined forces with a group of
African Americans who had run away to escape
slavery. Together they attacked white settlements
along the Florida coast. They used guerrilla tactics,
making surprise attacks and then retreating back into
the forests and swamps.

🙢

🙢 Native Americans’ requests to remain on

their lands were refused, and they were often
forcibly removed.

🙢 Native Americans often resisted, waging war

against the United States in an attempt to
keep their land.

10.2 Reading Summary

Reviewing the Main Ideas

Conflicts Over Land

Use the preceding slides and/or pgs. 372 - 378 to help you answer the following questions.