English Grammar

Diary Entry

Date and Day

Time

Salutation

Content

Name/Signature

Letter to Editor

Senders Address

Date

Reciever's Destination

Reciever's Address

Sir/Madam

Subject

Body of Letter( 3,4 Paragraph )

1 Statement the problem ( Introducing )

2 Causes of the problem

3 Suggestions and Remidies

4 Conclusion

Tense

The word tense is derived from latin word 'Tempus' which means time. A verb indicates the time of an action, event or condition by changing its form.

Past Tense

Yesterday

The action is done in the past.

Present Tense

Today

The action happens today or everyday

Future tense

Tommorrow

The action will be done in future

Simple Present Tense

Defination :- A verb tense that Expressive action in the present time habbitual, actions or general truth.

Examples:-

Expressess action in the Habitual

Express general truth

Expresses action in the general time

Rule:- Subject + Verb1 + s/es +object [Singular Subject]

Rule:- Subject + Verb1 +object [Plural Subject]

Present continuous Tense

The present continuous emphasizes the continuing nature of an act, event or condition.

For Example:- We are sitting now.

Time Signal :- Now at present, at the morning, today'

Rule :- Subject + is/am/are + Verb1 + ing + object

Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is used to describe action that began in the past and continuous into present or has been completed.

For example :- I lived here for two years.

Time signal :- Once twice for two years since 1993 this week .

Rule :- Subject + Has/Have + Verb3 + object.

Present Perfect continuous Tense

The present perfect continuous is used to describe an action event or condition that has begun in the past and continuous into the present.

For example :- It has been raining all day. It is still raining right now.

Time signal :- all day, all morning, for since, the whole night.

Rule :- Subject + Has/Have + Been + Verb3 + ing + object.

Simple Past Tense

A simple past is used to describe an action and event on condition that occurred in the past.

For example :- He bought a pair of shoes yesterday.

Time signal :- yesterday last month, last night, a fortnight ago

Rule:- Subject + Verb2 +object

Past continuous Tense

The past continuous tense is used to describe actions ongoing in the past.

For example :- when you called me I was playing the piano.

Time Signal :-when, while, all day yesterday.

Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect tense is used to express something that happened before another action in the past.

Rule :- Sub + Had + Verb + Object

Past Perfect continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense is used to express something that started in the past and continued until another time in the past.

Rule :- Subject + Had + Verb1 + ing + Object.

Simple Future Tense

Simple future tense is used when we plan or make a decision to do something. Nothing is said about the time in the future.

Rule :- Subject + will + Verb1 + Object

Future continuous Tense

The future continuous tense is used to describe action ongoing in the future. The continuing action that will occur in future.

Rule :- Subject + will + Verb1 + ing + Object

Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect is used to refer to an action that will be completed sometime in the future before another action.

For Example :- We shall arrive Delhi to night.

Time Signal :- by the next month, by the end of the day.

Rule :- Subject + will have been + Verb(ing) + Object

Future Perfect continuous Tense

We use future perfect tense in the action that will started and will continue for some time and will still in the progress either.

(A) Before a specific movement

(B) Before another actor takes place

Rule :- Subject + will have been + Verb(ing) + Time Reference +Object

Active and Passive Voice

The subject is the doer (or agent) of the action, of the verb, the verb is in the Active voice.

The subject is the however, is the patient (or target) of the action of the verb, the verb is in the Passve voice.

Rules for converting active voice into passive voice.

Rule1 :- Identify the subject, verb and object in the active sentence to convert to passive sentence.

Rule2 :- Interchange the object and the subject with each other, object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

Rule3 :- Put 'by' in front of the object of passive voice which has the subject of active voice.

Rule4 :- while conversion of active voice sentence to passive voice sentence, the pronoun used in the sentence alsochanges in the following manner.

I - Me , You - You , He - Him , She -Her , It - It , We - Us , They - Them , Who - Whom

Rule5 :- Main verbs -- Past participle that is V3 form. Helping verb (is / am / are / was / were / been / being + third form of verb.

Rule6 :- Only sentences with transitive verb (without objects) can we change into passive.

Rule7 :- Passive voice of modal verbs - can / could / may / might / shall / should / will / would / must / ought / to.

If model auxiliary verb are there in active voice add only 'Be' with the same modal in passive voice.

Passive Voice :- Subject + Modal Verb + Be + Verb3 + Object