Is it a gerund or a participle?

The thief arrested for the robbery shot at the security guard.

Gerund or Participle:

Jamal's confusing message did nothing to solve the mystery.

Gerund or Participle:

They are sure the extra planning will make a difference in the end.

Gerund or Participle:

The politician's broken promises were all that the voters remembered.

Gerund or Participle:

Delighted with the opportunity to learn, Christine took the internship in New York.

Gerund or Participle:

Godzilla made a game of smashing all of the red cars parked near the lake.

Gerund or Participle:

The flag waving in the wind is inspirational.

Gerund or Participle:

Samuel decided that missing the lecture every day was hurting his grade.

Gerund or Participle:

While playing the tuba, Orin felt as if his world was perfect.

Gerund or Participle:

The kittens crouching under the bed have refused to come out.

Gerund or Participle:

The swimmer, driven by the need to be the best in the world, made himself sick with anxiety.

Gerund or Participle:

My friend was surprised by the lighting in the theater.

Gerund or Participle:

Fred's arguing every call is getting frustrating

Gerund or Participle:

The completed meal was so beautiful that the guests hesitated to eat it.

Gerund or Participle:

Al hopes that giving the players a break will improve their attitudes.

Gerund or Participle:

The marathon runner, pushed to the edge of endurance, collapsed at the finish line.