Agricultural Practices:

Subsistence Agriculture

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family. (pg.350)

• Typically developing nations

• Survival

​​Subsistence Agriculture

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals. (pg. 358)

• dry arid climates, planting crops is impossible.

Pastoral Nomadism

a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.

(pg. 362)

​​Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

​Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth. (pg. 362)

​​Wet Rice

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil. (pg. 364).

​​Crop Rotation

​Slash and Burn Agriculture: another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetations and burning the debris. (pg.360)

​Shifting cultivation: a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another. (pg. 360)

Agricultural Practices:

Commercial Agriculture

​​Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm. (pg.350)

• Developed nations.

​​Commercial Agriculture

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area. (pg. 372)

Different from pastoral nomadism because the ranchers live in one place.

Ranching

​Commercial Agriculture includes...

• Mixed crop and Livestock Farming

• Dairy Farming

• Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming

• Grain Farming

• Mediterranean Agriculture

• Livestock Ranching

• Agribusiness -Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-peocessing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations. (pg. 366)

• The most common form of commercial agriculture in the United States west of the Appalachians

• Production of animals and crops on the same farm

• Use of animals to help produce crops

• Use of crops to raise livestock

​Mixed Crop and Livestock

• ​Most important commercial agriculture practiced on farms near the large urban areas of the northeastern United States, SE Canada, & NW Europe

​Dairy Farming

​Small scale production of produce or flowers. These goods are then sold directly to the consumer.

Ex: Farmers Markets, Co-Ops

​​Market Gardening

​Plantations are a type of commercial farming where a single crop of tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana or cotton is grown. A large amount of labor and capital are required. Rubber in Malaysia, coffee in Brazil, tea in India and Sri Lanka are some examples.

​​Plantation Agriculture

​Intensive Agriculture

​Terraces

​​Warm Humid Climate

​​Olives are the staple crop

Mediterranean Agriculture