An Era of Expansion Part 1

The Election

• The Federalist Party

– John Adams (President)
– C. C. Pinckney (Vice-President)

• The Democratic Republicans

– Thomas Jefferson (President)
– Aaron Burr (Vice-President)

• The Federalist Party tried to convince people that

Jefferson was a radical, who is someone that
favors extreme change to solve problems.

Election Problems

• Adams lost the election, however, Jefferson and

Burr had the same amount of votes.

• The House of Representatives had to decide who

was to be President and Vice-President.

• Alexander Hamilton, who supported Jefferson

more, persuaded many to finally vote for
Jefferson, which made Aaron Burr the Vice-
President.

• 12th Amendment

– Required electors to vote separately for President and

Vice-President.

Jefferson on the
Government
• He removed taxes on certain items.
• To reduce government spending, he decreased

the size of the army from 4,000 to 2,500 and
reduced the size of the navy’s ships.

• The government jobs changed power to

Democratic-Republicans.
– 1st time in history, still occurs to this day.

• Wanted the government to leave people alone,

because they would be able to create more wealth
and a better society.

• The Election of 1804

– Jefferson was reelected.

Burr vs. Hamilton

• New York wanted to separate from the U.S. and

offered support to Burr if he supported them.
– Burr tuned them down

• Hamilton accused Burr of treason, and Burr lost

the election for governor.

• July 11, 1804: Burr and

Hamilton dueled. Hamilton

died.

Court Issues

• Judicial Review

– The process by which the Supreme Court studies a law

to decide if it is constitutional.

• John Marshall

– He became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court under

Adams.

– Though respected Jefferson, he and him disagreed on

many issues.

• One being the case Marbury vs. Madison.

Marbury vs. Madison

• John Adams appointed dozen of Federalists,

including William Marbury, to federal judges,
called “midnight judges”, under the Judiciary Act
of 1801.

• Jefferson refused to let James Madison, Secretary

of State, give Marbury his papers so hat he could
become a judge.

• Marshal stated that the Judiciary Act of 1789,

which gave the Supreme Court the right to decide
cases involving federal officials, as being
unconstitutional.
– The court could not force Madison to make them judges.

Judicial Review

• The aftermath of that case was that it became the

Supreme Court’s job to review laws and laws that
go against the Constitution.

• John Marshall served as Chief Justice until his

death in 1835.