Speciation

WHAT IS A SPECIES

•

S

PECIES

ARE

A

GROUP

OF

ORGANISMS

WHICH

HAVE

SIMILAR

ENOUGH

GENETIC

CHARACTERISTICS

WHICH

ALLOW

THEM

TO

BREED.

.

•

I

BREED

IN

NATURE

.

•

A

LL

SPECIES

HAVE

DIFFERENT

LEVELS

OF

G

ENETIC

D

IVERSITY

•

T

HERE

ARE

TWO

MAIN

TYPES

OF

SPECIATION

•

A

LLOPATRIC

: G

EOGRAPHIC

•

S

YMPATRIC

: N

ON

-

G

EOGRAPHHIC

•

S

PECIATION

IS

THE

PROCESS

IN

WHICH

NEW

SPECIES

OCCUR

. 5 T

YPES

OF

B

IO

-

I

SOLATION

POPULATIONS: DENSITIES AND

RANGES

Torrey Pine
Pronghorn (3)
Sequoia
Black Bear

ALLOPATRIC SPECIES

•

A

LLOPATRIC

•

N

EW

SPECIES

OCCUR

DUE

TO

G

EOGRAPHIC

I

SOLATION

AND

THEREFORE

REPRODUCTIVE

I

SOLATION

.

•

E

XAMPLES

•

M

OUNTAIN

BUILDING

& C

ONTINENTAL

R

IFTING

•

R

IVER

CUTTING

& C

ANYON

F

ORMATION

•

C

LIMATE

C

HANGE

& E

COSYSTEM

C

HANGE

•

C

ATASTROPHISM

•

I

SLAND

FORMATION

& S

WEEPSTAKES

S

PECIATION

•

E

XAMPLES

(

GOOGLE

MAPS

&

E

ARTHVIEWER

)

•

A

NDES

•

G

RAND

C

ANYON

•

A

FRICAN

R

IFT

V

ALLEY

•

S

AHARA

D

ESERT

•

I

SMUTH

OF

P

ANAMA

•

A

MERICAN

I

NTERCHANGE

•

B

REAKING

UP

OF

P

ANGAEA

SYMPATRIC

SPECIATION

•

S

YMPATRIC

S

PECIATION

•

A

NEW

SPECIES

EVOLVES

FROM

AN

EXISTING

SPECIES

WITHIN

THE

SAME

GEOGRAPHIC

R

EGION

WHERE

REPRODUCTIVE

ISOLATION

IS

CAUSED

BY

A

MEANS

OTHER

THAN

G

EOGRAPHIC

I

SOLATION

.

•

E

XAMPLES

•

A

NOLES

(C

ARIBBEAN

)

•

G

ALAPAGOS

F

INCHES

(G

ALAPAGOS

)

•

R

OCK

P

OCKET

M

ICE

(S.W. U

NITED

S

TATE

)

•

C

ICHLIDS

(V

ARIOUS

LAKES

IN

A

FRICAN

R

IFT

V

ALLEY

)

Biologic Isolation

Cichlid Evolution

BIOLOGIC ISOLATION: 5 TYPES

•

E

COLOGICAL

•

P

OPULATION

INHABIT

TWO

OR

MORE

TYPES

OF

ECOSYSTEMS

•

T

EMPORAL

•

A

POPULATIONS

BREEDING

TIME

IS

ALTERED

OVER

SPACES

AND

/

OR

SEXUAL

MATURITY

REACHED

AT

DIFFERENT

TIMES

OF

YEAR

•

B

EHAVIORAL

•

S

CENTS

, S

ONGS

, C

OLORS

, M

ATING

R

ITUALS

, F

EEDING

S

TRATEGIES

•

M

ECHANICAL

/C

HEMICAL

•

S

HAPE

, S

IZE

, C

HEMICAL

I

NHIBITORS

•

G

EOGRAPHIC

•

P

LATE

TECTONICS

, C

LIMATE

C

HANGE

, C

ANYON

-

C

UTTING

•

I

N

MANY

CASE

TWO

OR

MORE

FACTORS

ABOVE

CAN

WORK

SIMULTANEOUSLY