The Crusades

Crusades

• A long series of Wars

between Christians
and Muslims

• They fought over

control of Jerusalem
which was called the
Holy Land because it
was the region where
Jesus had lived,
preached and died

Causes of the Crusades

Muslim Turks

captured Jerusalem
from the Byzantine

Empire

Muslims stopped
Christians from

Visiting Holy Land

Christian pilgrims

were attacked

C.

Byzantine Empire
feared attack on
Constantinople

A.

B.

The Call to Arms

• Pope Urban II

called for the
defeat of the
Turks, returning
the Holy Land to
the Christians

Who Answered the Call?

•Feudal Lords

•Knights

•Peasants

The First Crusade (1096-1099)

• Peasant army

– Untrained
– Lacked military

equipment

– Many killed by

Muslim Turks

• Knights

– Succeeded in

capturing Jerusalem

Second Crusade (1147-1149)

• After victory many Christians went back

home.

• The Turks eventually took back much of

the territory.

• King of France and Emperor of Germany

sent troops to stop the Turks.

Third Crusade (1189-1192)

• Saladin leads the

Muslim Turks to
victory, defeating the
Christians.

•* He was considered a very
wise ruler. He was known for
his sometimes kind treatment
of fallen enemies. Many
Christians saw him as a model
of knightly chivalry.

Third Crusade (1189-1192)

• Even though they

technically lost, King
Richard of England
convinces the Turks to
allow Christians to visit
the Holy Land.

Crusades Continue Through 1200’s

• Several more crusades attempted with no

victories for the Christians

• Children’s crusade, - 30,000 soldiers -

many of them under 12 years old – Never
made it to the Holy Land

Results of the Crusades

• I.F. Turks Traveled they would Trade
• I = Improvements –Ships, Maps, Explorers
• F =Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or

spend too much money on military.

• T = Turks (Muslim) still rule the Holy Land
• T =Travel – Europeans want to travel more
• T =Trade – Most important Result! * Trade and the

exchange of the ideas between Europe and Asia
increased! (Europeans want product from the East such
as sugar, cotton, silk, spices, etc.)

Ready to play?

Crusades

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Pope Urban II

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Jerusalem

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Holy Land

The

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Saladin

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Richard the Lionheart

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