respiratory system bio lesson

O₂ + Glucose --> ATP + CO2 + H₂0

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Cellular Respiration

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​Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria of cells, the

powerhouse. This is where glucose is converted into ATP energy.

Components of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Figure 10.2

1.

Air enters mouth
and nose. The nose
(nasal cavity warms
the air)

2.

air moves through
the pharynx
(pathway for food
and air)

3.

air moves into the
larynx (voice box) .

Pathway of air: nose or nostrils, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, larynx.

Components of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Figure 10.3

Pathway: trachea (windpipe), bronchi, bronchioles, lungs with alveoli . The trachea is lined with cilia to help filter the air before it reaches the lungs.

Flow of Air

-Air enters the body through the mouth and nose.
-It moves through the pharynx. Both food and air go through
here.
-It passes through the larynx (voice box) to the trachea
(windpipe)
-The trachea is lined with cilia that sweep out foreign particles
like dust.
-The trachea branches into 2 bronchi. These then branch into
smaller tubes called bronchioles
-At the ends of the bronchioles are air sacs called alveoli
where gas exchange takes place.

​Little hairs called cilia line the trachea to sweep out unwated dirt and dust.

Gas Exchange Between the Blood

and Alveoli

Figure 10.8A

oxygen
leaves the alveoli and
goes into the blood by
diffusion.

The blood travels to
the body cells and
drops off oxygen and
picks up carbon
dioxide.

Carbon dioxide leaves
the blood and goes into
the alveoli by diffusion.
It is the exhaled out

Respiratory Cycle

Figure 10.9

Regulation of Breathing

Figure 10.13

■ Reduced air flow:

■ asthma,

■ emphysema,

■ Infections: pneumonia, tuberculosis,

bronchitis

■ Lung cancer

■ Cystic fibrosis (genetic)

Disorders of Respiratory System