L.18.12 Properties of Water

Sea ice forms around Antarctica every year during winter and recedes during the summer. However, flora (plant life) and fauna (wildlife) survive year-round near the shores of Antarctica. What property of water allows the flora near the shores of Antarctica to survive during the winter months?

L.18.1 Macromolecules

Mia and Raphael are discussing the ketogenic diet, also known as Keto, as a way of losing weight.  Using the Keto method depends on changing the proportions of nutrient macromolecules that are eaten daily to adjust energy metabolism.  Which group of macromolecules can be affected by Keto eating choices, and is used for long term storage plus happens to be insoluble in water?

L.18.1 Macromolecules

Juanita is studying her notes from Biology class and using them to complete a graphic organizer chart that her teacher gave the class for homework.  She needs to sort a group of structures into the correct category of macromolecules.  Which structure shows a subunit of a carbohydrate?

L.18.1 Macromolecules

IBS, or irritable bowel syndrome, is an incurable inflammatory digestive system disease that causes great discomfort for its sufferers.  Although research has not yet shown to support the use of certain supplements for IBS treatment, some people whose IBS is triggered by dairy products have found relief by taking a lactase supplement.  What type of macromolecule is lactase?

L.18.11 Enzymes

Which one of the graphs below show how enzyme activity is affected by increasing the amount of enzyme that is added to a reaction?

L.16.3 DNA Replication

The diagram below shows a molecule of DNA undergoing replication.

Which strands are the new strands replicated in the nucleus of the DNA?

L.14.1 Cell Theory

In 1859, French chemist Louis Pasteur placed sterile nutrient broth in two different flasks. He allowed both to come into contact with air. However, one flask was designed to prevent any particles in the air from reaching the broth. Pasteur then observed that growth only occurred in Flask 1 and NOT in Flask 2.

In terms of today’s modern cell theory, what did Pasteur prove?

L.14.2 Cell Membrane

In Culinary class, Jennifer reads a recipe that needs wilted spinach and decides to use salt to prepare the leaves.  She places the spinach in a solution of 8% salt, which causes the plant cells to shrink since they normally have an internal salt concentration of 0.9% salt.  Which statement best explains why the cells shrink?

L.14.3 Cells (Prokaryotic Vs Eukaryotic

Joe is studying a cell through a microscope. He knows the cell must be a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following would indicate that the cell is in fact a eukaryotic cell

L.14.2 Cell Membrane

Glucose moves through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion as shown in the figure below.  Signals in the nervous system can be chemical or can use active transport to communicate between the brain and targeted areas of the body.

L.14.4 Cell Theory and Microscope

You are learning about mimicry in entomology. Which microscope would be best to look at the wings of two different butterflies to determine which is a Monarch Butterfly and which is a Viceroy Butterfly?

L.18.9 and L.18.7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Mitochondrial myopathy is a type of disease that affects the mitochondria of cells. This type of disease decreases the activity of the enzymes in the mitochondria. Which of the following would be the most direct result of this decreased activity?

L.14.7 Plants

Vacuoles are found in both animal and plant cells, but they have different functions in each of the two cell types.  Animal cells have many small vacuoles, while most plant cells have only one large vacuole as shown below. 

Which of these descriptions represents the function of vacuoles in the plant cell?

L.14.7 Plants

Histology is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals. During a microscope lab in his histology class Dewayne comes across a slide labeled; transverse section of a stem. The diagram below is what he sees.

Which of the follow identifies the type of tissue organ X is made of and a physiological process it is involved in?

L.14.7 Plants

Adapted from https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-vascular-and-vs-nonvascular-plants/

Vascular plants are higher plants that have true stems, roots, and leaves. Furthermore, they have a vascular system to transport nutrients, water, and minerals throughout the plant. Vascular plants are the higher plants that belong to the plant group Tracheophyta, and include corn and other grains, angiosperms (flowering plants), and ferns.  In contrast, nonvascular plants are lower plants which do not have a vascular system. Therefore, this is the key difference between vascular and nonvascular plants. Furthermore, nonvascular plants lack true stems, roots, and leaves. Another difference between vascular and nonvascular plants is that the vascular plants can live in any harsh environmental conditions while the nonvascular plants need water to complete their life cycles.  Examples of nonvascular plants are liverwort, moss, and algae.

Based on the information in the paragraph, vascular plants have structures to generate more plant complexity when compared to nonvascular plants.  Which vascular plant organ is most dependent on surface area to carry out its function?

L.16.8Cell Cycle (Cancer and Mutation)

Which cells will most likely display mutations that could potentially result in cancer?

L.16.14 Cell Cycle

The cell cycle is an important process for all living things. An Emperor Dragonfly is undergoing mitosis. Emperor Dragonflies have 13 pairs of chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be in the daughter cells formed at the end of mitosis?

L.16.13 Human Reproduction

The diagram below shows the parts of the human male reproductive system.

What is the function of the vas deferens?

L.16.13 Human Reproduction Pregnancy

Doctors and embryologists group embryonic development into trimesters. Each list below shows development during one trimester, though the lists are not in chronological order.

1. Eyes open and close, lung development

2. Fingernails, taste buds, swallowing

3. Eyelids, make fists, responds to sound

In which trimester do each of the lists correspond?

L.16.13 Human Reproduction

The diagram below the structure of a human female reproductive system

Which structure from the diagram shows where the placenta will bind to provided nutrients to the fetus?

L.16.10 Biotechnology

Adapted from https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-01186-6/d41586-021-01186-6.pdf

After a decade of fighting for regulatory approval and public acceptance, Oxitec, a biotechnology firm based in the United Kingdom, has released genetically engineered mosquitoes into the open air in the United States for the first time. The experiment, which was launched this week in the Florida Keys — over the objections of some local critics — tests a method for suppressing populations of wild Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which can carry diseases such as Zika, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever. Oxitec has previously field-tested the insects in Brazil, Panama, the Cayman Islands and Malaysia. 

Aedes aegypti makes up about 4% of the mosquito population in the Keys, a chain of tropical islands off the southern tip of Florida. But it is responsible for almost all mosquito-borne disease transmitted to humans in the region, according to the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District (FKMCD), which is working closely with Oxitec on the project. Researchers and technicians will release bioengineered male A. aegypti mosquitoes, which don’t bite, to mate with the wild female population, who are mosquitos responsible for biting prey and transmitting disease. The genetically engineered males carry a gene that passes to their offspring and kills female progeny in early larval stages. Male offspring won’t die, but instead will become carriers of the gene and pass it to future generations. As more females die, the A. aegypti population should dwindle.

The FKMCD approached Oxitec in 2010 about testing its approach in the Keys, because Florida was — and still is — experiencing an increase in mosquito-borne disease. In 2009, the state began seeing cases of locally trans-mitted dengue, and, a few years later, locally transmitted Zika.  Genetically engineered mosquitoes are an alternative to insecticides, which are used heavily in the United States to control insect populations. This has resulted in the evolution of mosquitoes that are resistant to insecticides.

The biotech firm plans to present the results to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which gave the green light for the trial. The data will help the EPA to determine whether Oxitec can release the mosquitoes more broadly in the United States. The company is still testing them in the experiments by spraying insecticides near the release points. 

Public concern is either strongly in favor or strongly opposed to the release of genetically engineered mosquitos.  Many of the concerns stem from the uncertainty of a new technology, says Kofler, who has been following this project for years. Oxitec has been engaging with the Florida Keys community to provide answers to queries. It explained, for instance, the very low likelihood that female mosquitoes with the lethal gene could reproduce. But many people don’t have confidence in what they’re hearing, because it’s coming from a company, says Kofler.

Based on the information in the article, what are some potential negative consequences?

Biotechnology

One approach to reducing world hunger is to increase the yield of crops grown per acre of land.  At the same time, many consumers are interested in organic foods to support a healthier lifestyle.  Organic fertilizers that are classified as high-efficiency products can increase crop yield and protect the environment.  As an individual organic farmer considers her options, which statement is both scientifically valid and unbiased? 

Cell Theory

Once glucose is taken into a eukaryotic cell, cellular respiration depends on over 20 metabolic reactions.  However, when biologists use the overall balanced equation of the breakdown of glucose by eukaryotes, the process follows the Law of Conservation of Mass.  Which statement best describes a difference between this law and a theory (for example, cell theory)?