Enzyme
Presentation
•
Biology
•
12th Grade
•
Practice Problem
•
Medium
NORLE BAJADO
Used 2+ times
FREE Resource
28 Slides • 20 Questions
1
BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
2
Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways
Describe the components of an enzyme.
Explain how enzymes function as molecular catalysts
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
3
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
Metabolism is a term that is used to describe all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the cells and the organism.
TWO CATEGORIES:
Anabolism uses energy to grow and build.
Catabolism uses energy to break down large molecule.
4
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
(CATABOLIC)
(ANABOLIC)
The Chemical Reaction is REVERSIBLE.
5
Many chemical reactions can be speeded up by substances called catalysts.
A catalyst alters the rate of a chemical reaction, without being changed itself.
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
6
Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the reaction rate of biochemical reactions lowering activation energy.
7
Multiple Choice
The sequence of amino acids is known as a proteins...
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
8
Multiple Choice
Which type of bond holds the secondary structures of proteins in place?
Hydrogen
Ionic
Disulphide bonds
Hydrophobic interactions
9
Multiple Choice
Enzymes are responsible for
speeding up reactions.
giving the body energy.
slowing down reactions.
10
Multiple Choice
Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?
Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions.
Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquids during the reactions.
The reactions take up too much space in the cell if the enzymes are missing.
The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.
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What is meant by the activation energy of an enzyme and how does the presence of an enzyme affect it?
12
What is meant by the activation energy of an enzyme and how does the presence of an enzyme affect it?
The minimum energy required to cause a process (such as a chemical reaction) to occur.
Enzymes catalyze reactions by weakening the chemical bonds, which lowers the activation energy.
13
Multiple Choice
What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical reaction?
reusable
catalyst
specific
fragile
14
Multiple Choice
An enzyme ________ the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur.
decreases
increases
increases then decrases
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Multiple Choice
Which color line represents a reaction with an enzyme present?
purple
red
both
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All enzymes are GLOBULAR PROTEINS.
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
STRUCTURE OF AN ENZYME
Properties:
compact,
spherical, and
soluble in water because of its hydrophilic trait
17
ACTIVE SITE
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
STRUCTURE OF AN ENZYME
An active site is a region on the surface of an enzyme to which substrates will bind and catalyses a chemical reaction.
The active site consists of just 3 to 4 amino acids.
18
Multiple Choice
Which of the following structures forms the shape of an enzymes active site?
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
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Multiple Select
Which of the following are properties of globular proteins?
Insoluble in water
Soluble in water
Compact
Spherical
20
Multiple Choice
Which type of protein are enzymes?
Globular
Fibrous
Linear or Chain
21
Multiple Choice
How many amino acids typically make up the active site of an enzyme?
1-2
3-4
5-6
7-8
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ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
PROPERTIES OF AN ENZYME
Enzymes are made inactive by high temperature.
Enzymes work best at a particular temperature.
Enzymes work consistently until they are dissolved, or become denatured. When enzymes denature, they are no longer active and cannot function.
DENATURATION
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ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
PROPERTIES OF AN ENZYME
What is meant by the activation energy of an enzyme and how does the presence of an enzyme affect it?
Enzymes work best at a particular pH.
Enzymes are reusable.
Enzymes are specific.
*Structure = Function: Enzymes are specific to their Substrate (reactants).
-
*Active site of the enzymes fits together with the substrate(s).
-
*Different reactions require different enzymes.
24
Multiple Choice
Which enzyme is most efficient in a basic solution?
A
B
C
25
Multiple Choice
What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
The enzymes die.
The shapes of the enzyme are altered, denature.
The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.
The enzymes remain the same.
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Multiple Choice
Which of these is most likely an enzyme?
Sucrose
Galactose
Fructose
Amylase
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ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
NAMING ENZYMES
What is meant by the activation energy of an enzyme and how does the presence of an enzyme affect it?
Enzymes are named according to the reaction that they catalyse.
For example:
carbohydrates = carbohydrases
proteins = proteases
lipids = lipases.
Sometimes, they are given more specific names:
For example:
amylase breaks starch
maltase breaks maltose
sucrase breaks sucrose
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ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
Can you name the enzyme?
What is meant by the activation energy of an enzyme and how does the presence of an enzyme affect it?
MATCH A WITH B (Letter Only)
A
B
| They are involved in catalysis where substrates are ligated and the bonds that exist between carbons and other molecules due to condensation reactions. | A. OXIDOREDUCTASES |
|---|---|---|
| Catalyze reactions that transfer functional groups within a molecule so that isomeric forms are produced. | B. TRANSFERASES |
| Catalyze reactions that involve hydrolysis. It usually involves the transfer of functional groups to water. | C. HYDROLASES |
| Catalyze group transfer reactions. The transfer occurs from one molecule that will be the donor to another molecule (acceptor). | D. ISOMERASES |
| Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions where electrons are transferred. These electrons are usually in the form of hydride ions or hydrogen atoms. | E. LIGASES |
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ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
Can you name the enzyme?
What is meant by the activation energy of an enzyme and how does the presence of an enzyme affect it?
MATCH A WITH B (Letter Only)
A
B
E | They are involved in catalysis where substrates are ligated and the bonds that exist between carbons and other molecules due to condensation reactions. | A. OXIDOREDUCTASES |
|---|---|---|
D | Catalyze reactions that transfer functional groups within a molecule so that isomeric forms are produced. | B. TRANSFERASES |
C | Catalyze reactions that involve hydrolysis. It usually involves the transfer of functional groups to water. | C. HYDROLASES |
B | Catalyze group transfer reactions. The transfer occurs from one molecule that will be the donor to another molecule (acceptor). | D. ISOMERASES |
A | Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions where electrons are transferred. These electrons are usually in the form of hydride ions or hydrogen atoms. | E. LIGASES |
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ENZYME MODELS
What is meant by the activation energy of an enzyme and how does the presence of an enzyme affect it?
31
ENZYME MODELS
What is meant by the activation energy of an enzyme and how does the presence of an enzyme affect it?
32
ENZYME MODELS
What is meant by the activation energy of an enzyme and how does the presence of an enzyme affect it?
LOCK & KEY MODEL
INDUCED-FIT MODEL
33
Multiple Choice
The enzyme and substrates have
adverse shapes
complementary shapes
contrary shapes
similar shapes
34
Multiple Choice
How does an enzymes shape relate to its function?
the shape of the enzyme has no relation to its function
the enzyme is shaped specially for certain substrates to perform a specific reaction
the enzyme shape acts as a receptor to certain products
the enzyme shape can fit into specific substrates to cease a reaction
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The molecules that bind to the enzyme.
SUBSTRATE
The location where they bind (sit down)
ACTIVE SITE
COMPONENTS OF AN ENZYME
ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
After the enzyme and substrate actually bind
After the enzyme and substrate initial reaction.
ENZYME-PRODUCTS
COMPLEX
PRODUCTS
The substrate may break apart or bond together to form a product.
36
Multiple Choice
The specific location where the substrates bind to the enzyme is called the
specific site
appropriate site
active site
ignition site
37
Multiple Choice
E is/are the ____
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Enzyme-Products Complex
Substrate
Products
38
Multiple Choice
C is the ___
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Enzyme-Products Complex
Substrate
Products
39
Multiple Choice
D is the ___
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Products
Enzyme
Substrate
40
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
TOOTHPICKASE
Every person should have a handful of toothpicks in front of them
You will break as many as you can in 10 seconds using either your right or left hand.
After 10 seconds, count the number of toothpicks you're able to break.
41
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
TOOTHPICKASE
QUESTIONS:
What was the enzyme?
42
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
TOOTHPICKASE
QUESTIONS:
What was the enzyme?
What was the substrate?
43
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
TOOTHPICKASE
QUESTIONS:
What was the enzyme?
What was the substrate?
What was the product?
44
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
TOOTHPICKASE
QUESTIONS:
What was the enzyme?
What was the substrate?
What was the product?
How were you acting like an enzyme?
45
E + S <-----> ESC ------> E + P(s)
The enzymatic reaction takes place by binding of the substrate with the active site of the
enzyme molecule by several weak bonds.
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
What is the first step in the enzyme catalyzed reaction?
46
Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways
Describe the components of an enzyme.
Explain how enzymes function as molecular catalysts
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
DID WE..?
47
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RYE | JERRY | VEA | REIN | RAYNE | JAY | JC |
HEATHER | GIA | CJ | STEF | AA | CHRIS | ALLY |
SHANN | ROE | LIAH | RICCI MAE | MARCO | HANNAH | SHEY |
AYNA | RED | OWEN | JAN | | MIGUEL | |
BIN | RICCI ANNE | KATE | | | CLAIRE | |
48
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
BRING PER GROUP ON WEDNESDAY
BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
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