Ch. 2 Chemistry comes alive

Solid: which has adefined shape and volume

Liquid: which has a changeable shape and a definite volume

Gas: which has both a changeable shape and volume

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substance present in large quantities, usually a liquid ex. water

​Solvent

substance that is being dissolved in a solvent (usually a smaller quantiy when compared to the solvent)Ex. salt

​Solute

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Solution: the particles are very small so they are able to settle out ex. mineral water

Colloid: solute particles are larger, they scatter light but they do NOT settle out ex- cell's cytoplasm and Jell-O

Suspension: solute particles are very LARGE, settle out and may scatter light. Ex. blood's plasma

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• Chemical bonds

• break bonds to separate

• homogenous

​compounds

• No chemical bonds

• can be strained, filtered, evaporated

• Can be homogenous or heterogenous

​mixtures

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Ionic bonds: transfer of VE from one atom to thet other, this gives birth to ions. Ex. Salts such as NaCl

Covalent bonds: formed by sharing 2 or more VE between 2 atoms

Polar covalent bonds:unequal sharing of 2 electrons (V shaped) ex. water

Non-Polar covalent bonds: equal shgaring of two electrons ex. CO2

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Acids are proton donors, they release Hydrogen ions

Bases are proton acceptors they pick up hydrogen ions

ALL neutral solutions are at a pH of 7

acids below 7 and bases above 7

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