Integumentary Diseases Day 2

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Decubitus Ulcers: Bedsores

• Pressure sores are created on the skin when the blood supply to the skin is cut off for more than two to three hours consistently as a result of non-movement

• They are divided into stages I-V based on severity

• Best treated by prevention

Skin-info: decubitus ulcers are a major concern in nursing homes,
hospitals, and assisted living facilities due to the limited mobility of
some of the residents of these locations

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Burns

➢ Tissue injuries caused by contact with thermal,

chemical, electrical or radioactive agents

➢ Burns not only affect the skin but also the respiratory and digestive tract linings

➢ Burns can be life threatening

• May include dehydration, shock, and infection

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Burn Classification

● First degree (superficial) burns

○ Least serious type of burn

○ Only involve injury to the epidermis

○ Commonly caused by brief contact with dry or moist

heat(thermal burn), spending too much time in the sun
(sunburn) or exposure to chemicals (chemical burn)

○ Injury is restricted to local effects such as redness

(erythema) and acute sensitivity to touch, heat or cold
(hyperresthesia)

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Burn Classification

● Second degree (partial thickness) burn

○ Deep burns that damage the epidermis and part of the

dermis

○ Caused by contact with flames, hot liquids or

chemicals.

○ Symptoms mimic those of first degree burns, but

fluid-filled blisters form.

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Burn Classification

● Third degree (full-thickness) burns

○ Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer are destroyed

• burns extend to the bone, muscle, tendons, nerves and some of the underlying connective tissue

• Skin appears white or charred; sensation is lost

Caused by corrosive chemicals, flames, electricity or extremely hot
objects, immersion of the body in extremely hot water or clothing catches
fire

○
Skin grafts is commonly required

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Burn Treatment

Rule of Nines

● Formula for estimating the percentage of the adult

body surface area affected by the burns

● This method assigns values of 9% or 18% of

surface areas to specific regions.

● Formula is modified for infants and children

because of the proportionately larger head

● Not accurate in children

○ Lund & Browder chart is used on children

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Abscess

•Localized collection of pus at the infection site
(characteristically a staphylococcal infection)
•Most common sites on hairy parts of the body
exposed to irritation, pressure, friction, or moisture