PhDMicroscopy

The speed of light changes

The direction of light changes towards the normal

The different colors of light are split

The frequency of light changes

The direction of light changes away from the normal

Interference between the red waves at different distances from the traffic light changes the wavelength

The wavemaxima get compressed while you are driving against the speed of light

Chromatic aberration caused by the windshield diffracts the red light from your eyes

Something with the light source

Something with the oculars

Something with the objectives

Lamp filament

Field Diaphragm (Veld diafragma)

Condensor Diaphragm

Back Focal Plane (Achterste focale vlak)

Ocular Diaphragm

Ernst Abbe

August Kohler

Albert Einstein

Victor Schott

Anthonie van Leeuwenhoek

You drank too much

The fish are mirrored at the bottom of the tank

Refraction causes the light to move in different directions which allows the fish to be portrayed twice

Upper Fish

Lower fish

In the middle between the fish

Below the fish

Above the fish

Better resolution

Brighter image

Better color correction

It is easier to use in a fluorescence microscope

You don't need immersion

Polarization

Dark field

Phase contrast

DIC

Not all colors are bend equally and therefore some information can be seen

The reflections of the sample are seen

We see the 1st order of light being diffracted into the objective

There is so much light outside you will still see a little bit

Using the analyzer

Using the polarizer

Using the Wollaston Prism

Scanning mirror

Dicrhoic mirror

Porro prism

Wollaston prism

A

B

C

D

Based on the sun rays, since stars are smaller less rays are depicted

Due to the diffraction around the diapraghm of the camera

Our eyes tend to diffract the light more along the horzontal and vertical axis

Raleigh scattering is less efficient for UV

Our eyes are less sensitive to UV light

UV light does not penetrate the earths atmosphere

Sun light contains more blue light than UV light

It is not kohlered

Something with the objectives

Something with the light source

Something with the oculars

The excitation light is too bright otherwise

To make sure we collect the right color in our detector

The emission light is too bright otherwise

To prevent over exposure of the photomultiplier

It has less energy

It has a shorter wavelength

It has a longer wavelength

The speed has decreased

A spiral of squares

5 circles of squares

Two intertwining spirals

4 circles of squares

0.5 Mb

1 Mb

5 Mb

10 Mb

the 8 bit image is over exposed

The signal is weak and with 16 bit data it can be quantified better

16 bit imaging is faster than 8 bit

16 bit images are smaller than 8 bit, thereby saving storage space

The contrast in 16 bit images can be optimized over a larger range of values

There is no camera attached to the microscope

The microscope is not kohlered

Viruses are too small to be seen with a light microscope

The scale bar is wrong

The image is an electron microscopy image instead of a light microscopic image

For electron microscopy the sample has to be in vacuum