Verb Form

​Root Verb with Examples

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​The root verb is the verb in its original form, without any inflexion or change. The root form of the verb is used as the base form to create the other forms of the verb. Keep in mind that this is not the case with all verbs. The root form of the verb is modified when conjugated to represent other forms of the verb only for regular verbs. Irregular verbs have unique ways in which they are conjugated, and not all remain the same.

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​Examples of Root Verbs:

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• ​I love watching movies with my friends. (Root verb – love)

• I finish my homework before 6 p.m. everyday. (Root verb – finish)

• You play really well. (Root verb – play)

• You are beautiful. (Root verb – be)

In the above examples, the verbs ‘love’, ‘finish’, ‘play’ and ‘are’ are used in their original form, and so they are called root verbs.

The third person singular form of the verb is used to represent the simple present tense. As far as regular verbs are concerned, the third person singular form is indicated by the addition of an ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the end of the root verb.​

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​Examples of Third Person Singular Present Form:

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• ​Tom likes having cereal for breakfast.

  Root verb – like, Third person singular form – likes

• Sheela teaches English for sixth grade students.

  Root verb – teach, Third person singular form – teaches

• My father reads the newspaper everyday.

  Root verb – read, Third person singular form – reads

• The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

  Root verb – rise, set; Third person singular form – rises, sets

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​Present Participle Form of the Verb with Examples

The present participle form of the verb is formed by adding an ‘ing’ to the base form/root verb. In some cases, when the word is a monosyllabic word that ends with a vowel followed by a consonant, the last consonant is doubled, and then the ‘ing’ is added. For verbs ending with an ‘e’, the ‘e’ is removed, and the ‘ing’ is added in most cases. However, there are a few verbs that retain the ‘e’ in the base form when converted to the present participle form of the verb.

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This form of the verb is used in the continuous/progressive tenses to indicate that the action is still going on. It is also used to convert verbs into nouns that refer to an action.​

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• ​Cry – crying

• Try – Trying

• Read – Reading

• Write – Writing (‘e’ is removed)

• Age – Ageing (‘e’ is retained)

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• ​Run – Running

• Swim – Swimming

• Forget – Forgetting

• Sit – Sitting

• Cut – Cutting

​Words that have double consonants

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​regular verbs converted to the present participle form

​Simple Past Form of the Verb with Examples

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​The simple past form of the verb is used to denote an action that took place in the past. It is usually formed by adding an ‘ed’ or ‘d’ (for words ending in ‘e’) to the end of the root verb. However, there are irregular verbs that do not follow the general rule. Let us look at a few examples of the simple past form of the verb.

• ​Run – Ran

• Sit – Sat

• Sing – Sang

• Throw – Threw

• Fly – Flew

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• ​Cheat – Cheated

• Dodge – Dodged

• Jump – Jumped

• Skip – Skipped

• Iron – Ironed

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​Regular verbs in the simple past form

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​Verbs that take the same form as the root verb in the simple past form of the verb

• ​Read – Read

• Cut – Cut

• Put – Put

• Let – Let

• Hit – Hit

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​Irregular verb forms

​Past Participle Form of the Verb with Examples

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​The past participle form of the verb is used to indicate the perfect tense. For regular verbs, the simple past form and the past participle form of the verb remain the same, whereas there are irregular verbs that take a different spelling when used as a past participle. Let us look at a few examples to understand better.

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• Verbs that take the same spelling in the simple past and past participle forms of the verb

• Verbs that take a different spelling when used in the simple past form and the past participle form

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​Examples of Past Participle Form:

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