1. Describe the effects of climate change.

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2. What can humans do to reduce climate change?

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3. What are the consequences of deforestation?

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​Please write down both questions and answers in your notebook.

​Bell Work

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• The natural breakdown of Earth's surface (rock).​

• Physical (Mechanical) or Chemical.​

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​What is Weathering?

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Weathering | National Geographic Society

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​Landform Examples:

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• Process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by physical forces.​

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Types of Mechanical weathering​

Ice wedging​

Plant roots​

Abrasion​

Burrowing of animals (animal action)​

Temperature changes (freezing and thawing)

​Physical (Mechanical) Weathering

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Ice wedging is a form of mechanical weathering or physical weathering in which cracks in rock or other surfaces fill with water, freeze and expand, causing the cracks to enlarge and eventually break.

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​Ice Wedging

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Plant Weathering is where any plants grow inside cracks of rocks.

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The larger the root grows, the more pressure it puts on the rock. More pressure causes the rock to expand and eventually crack.

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​Plant Roots

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​Freezing and Thawing​

(temperature changes)

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The agents of chemical weathering:​

water - water dissolves rock over time​

oxygen - combines with iron to form rust (oxidation)​

carbon dioxide - dissolves in water to form carbonic acid​

living organisms - plant roots secrete acids​

acid rain - from the burning of fossil fuels​

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​Chemical Weathering

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​Chemical Weathering: the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.​

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Water weathers rock by dissolving it.​​

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​Water

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Iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water in a processes called oxidation.​

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The product of oxidation is rust.

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​Oxygen

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CO2 dissolves in rain water and creates carbonic acid.​

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Carbonic acid easily weathers limestone and marble.

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​Carbon Dioxide

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Lichens that grow on rocks produce weak acids that chemically weather rock.

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​Living Organisms

Compounds from burning coal, oil and gas react chemically with water forming acids.​

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Acid rain causes very rapid chemical weathering.

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​Acid Rain

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Rock type- Rock that is permeable (has holes that let water in), weathers faster than rock that is impermeable​.

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The mineral content of rock also determines how fast a rock weathers.​

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climate- Rock weathers faster in warm, humid climates.

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​Factors that determine the rate of weathering:​

​BrainPOP Video - Weathering