Enzymes Part 2

proteins that function as biological catalysts

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A catalyst is​ a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction.

Lets Review...

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Enzymes are named according to the reaction that they catalyse and often end in "ase"

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The substance present at the beginning of the reaction is called the substrate.

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The substrate binds to the enzyme at the Active Site

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The substance made by the reaction is called the product.​

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For Example: In saliva there is an enzyme called amylase.​

It catalyses the breakdown of starch to the complex sugar maltose.

starch ------------- ► maltose​​

In this reaction, starch is the substrate, and maltose is the product.

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An enzyme works only when the perfect fitting substrate binds at the active site.

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The enzyme is like a lock that the substrate fits like a key.

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We say that the shape of the enzyme and the shape of the substrate are complementary to one another

Activation Energy

​Enzymes - biological catalysts, speeding up reactions in the body

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Done by lowering activation energy...​

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Activation Energy - how much energy is required for the reaction to start. ​

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​Understanding the means of Enzyme vocabulary, enzyme structures and their functions

I Will...

​Review enzymes, their structure, their functions, and enzyme vocabulary.

We Will...

1. Temperature

2. pH

3. ​Inhibitors

   1. Non-Competitive Inhibitor

   2. Competitive Inhibitor​

4. ​Enzyme Concentration

5. Substrate Concentration

6. Coenzymes and Cofactors​

• Enzymes are made inactive by low temperature.

  Because they are protein molecules Enzymes are damaged by heat, high temperature.

  This is called DENATURED

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• Enzymes work best at a particular temperature. Enzymes in the human body usually work best at about 37 °C

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• Enzymes work best at a particular pH Some enzymes work best in acid conditions (low pH). Others work best in neutral (7 pH) or alkaline conditions (high pH) 

​- Shape of active site can change, so substrate can no longer bind and enzyme cannot catalyze. This is denaturation. ​

Molecule that binds to Allosteric site - site where regulator binds

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​Causes change of shape to active site, cannot catalyze reactions

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​Non-Competitive Inhibitors

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​Molecule that can bind to active site of enzyme

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Prevents enzyme from forming enzyme-substrate complexes. Stops enzyme from catalyzing​

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​Competitive Inhibitor

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​Enzyme concentration increases, rate of reaction increases

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​Enzyme Concentration

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Substrate concentration increases, rate of reaction increases​

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​Substrate Concentration

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Cofactors - help enzymes work at optimum reactions. Inorganic ions such as calcium or magnesium

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Coenzyme- cofactors that are organic/carbon based​. Obtains from vitamins we eat

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Cofactors and Coenzymes

​Understanding the means of Enzyme vocabulary, enzyme structures and their functions

I Will...

​Review enzymes, their structure, their functions, and enzyme vocabulary.

We Will...