Exemplum

​How does Chaucer use an exemplum?

• ​An anecdote or brief story that illustrates a point.

• Latin for example.

• Which pilgrim illustrates this theme by example?

• Why does Chaucer use an exemplum​?

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​Exemplum Techniques

​What are the elements of an exemplum?

• Characters and events in 3s

• Test of moral fiber. This determines the character's destiny.

• Mysterious guides show the way.​

• Just ending: Rewards the good; punishes the evil.

• How do we see these techniques in the Pardoner's tale? (We will revisit this question)​

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Characterization

​What is characterization?

The technique by which a writer ​allows the reader to know those people in his work.

What a character says

What other characters say

What the narrator says

Appearance, age, etc.​

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Direct Characterization

​What is direct characterization?

• What the character, narrator, or other characters say about the character.

• What the character says about him/herself.

• What does the narrator say about the Pardoner in the "General Prologue?" Refer to your charts. TURN AND DISCUSS ​

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Indirect Characterization

​What is indirect characterization?

• Inferred or implied characteristics based on indirect comments in a story​.

• Characters' thoughts, words, and actions reveal personality traits.​

• What do the various tales reveal about the pilgrims who tell them?​

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