Context clues

Some people are always bashing the president just like others bashed the one before him. Wouldn't you think that  everyone could find something to praise him for, at least once in a while? 

What does “bashing” mean in the above selection? 

I believe that if you lower taxes so that people can keep more of the money they earn, it will be an incentive for them  to work harder.  

What is the meaning of “incentive”? __________. 

Removing seeds from cotton plants was a slow job until Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. What is a cotton gin?

The original Pilgrims called themselves the “Saints” and referred to others who joined with them for the voyage as  the “Strangers.” 

In this context, “original” means _______. 

Using IQ tests and MRI brain scans, researchers have found that the measurable intelligence of teenagers can rise and  fall over time. We used to believe that intelligence was static. But now, because of new studies, we know that teens and  even fully mature adults can grow more brain cells when needed. 

What does “static” mean in the above selection? 

Turner almost wished that he hadn’t listened to the radio. He went to the closet and grabbed his umbrella. He would feel  silly carrying it to the bus stop on such a sunny morning. 

 Which probably happened?

Your uncle wouldn’t even part with a dime to help the kids pay for their trip. That’s just one more example of his  penurious ways. In contrast, many people who have much less money have donated a great deal to the cause. What does “penurious” mean?

 There is a very interesting article about solar storms in the February 14, 2000 issue of Time magazine. It tells about  how these disturbances not only affect spacecraft, but can also disrupt terrestrial life. For example, they have even  caused automatic garage doors to open in one town. 

What does “terrestrial” mean? 

“Michelle, I’m very upset about what you said,” Rosie stated firmly. “You didn’t come right out and accuse me of  eating all your candy. On the other hand, your remarks about my love of chocolate were made for a reason. You are  insinuating that I’m the candy thief!” 

What does “insinuate” mean? 

I think it would help our basketball team, if we allowed girls to play. I’ve seen how Patty has a knack for making the  tough shots when they’re needed most. She wants to play on our team and we’d win more games with her help. What does “knack” mean?