​Cooled Magma (inside)

Cooled Lava (outside)​

​Igneous Rock

Cooled Magma

Cools Slowly

​Minerals Repeat Pattern

Larger Crystals

Ex: Granite​

Granite has interlocking crystals!

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Cools quickly

Small (fine) or few (glassy) crystals form.

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Example: Basalt = Fine

Obsidian = Glassy​

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Extrusive Rock

​Weathering Creates Sedimentary Rocks

Wind, Rain, and Animal Interactions!

​Sedimentary Rocks

What are they?

Made of sediment, organic materials, or chemicals!

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Formed from compaction and cementation!

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​Lithification occurs. This is when layers compact underground over time!

​Clastic Rocks

Pieces of sediment cemented and compacted!

Pieces of sediment cemented and compacted!

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Large pebbles - Conglomerate ​

​Small Pebbles - Sand - Sandstone

Tiny Pebbles​ - Shale - Clay

​Non-Clastic Rocks

Coal is formed from trees that are buried and compacted underground for hundreds of millions of years!

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Coquina is formed when crushed shells compact over time!

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Limestone forms similar to Coquina. Dead organisms compacting! ​

​Weathering Occurs Quickly with Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks!

These are rocks that have undergone intense heat and pressure!

Non-Foliated rocks are not banded, meaning minerals melt with repeated patterns that produce larger crystals.

Non-Foliated

Foliated rocks band together, forming minerals that have melted in aligned stripes!

​Foliated

​How do They Form?

What Other Processes Are There?

Parent Rock -> Metamorphic

Granit Rock -> Genesis

Mica -> Schist

Limestone -> Marble​