1. Take in Information

2. Ask questions about information

3. Draw conclusions based on questions asked

4. Use what you learn

5. Evaluate your results

​critical thinking process

Involves the selection of a course of action from among two or more possible alternatives in order to arrive at a solution for a given problem.

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​2. Decision making

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​Define the problem

​Generate alternative solutions

​Evaluate & select and alternative

​Implement and follow up on the solution.

​3. Problem Solving

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​Create a plan with objectives and goals to reach your vision

​4. Planning strategies

Uses knowledge, facts & data to effectively solve problems

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​critical thinking & problem solving

​Debates

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Developing solutions for business

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Hiring a new employee

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Triage nurse in the ER​

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​Other examples:

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​communication techniques

​Be open-minded

Avoid distractions

Represent the information in short

Pay attention to non-verbal cues​

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Listen carefully

Maintain eye contact​

Do not interrupt the speaker

Be clear while speaking

Be confident​

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​effective communication skills - verbal

​Pay close attention to what the person is saying

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​Maintain comfortable eye contact - do not stare

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Maintain an open body position - don't cross arms​

​effective communication skills - nonverbal

Sit down vs. standing

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​Sit alongside and angled the person rather than directly opposite

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​Have a relaxed posture - do not fidget

​isbarr

​activity

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​SBAR Example

Introduction:

​“Dr. Khalid, this is Debra Elliott. I'm an RN at St. Mary's Hospital.

Situation:

“We have a patient, Mr. John Michaelson, who was transported to the emergency room at 0800 for complaints of rapid onset shortness of breath and reports of fever since yesterday morning. Mr. Michaelson has stated you are his primary care provider."

• Background:

"Per Mr. Michaelson's report, the only significant medical history he has is hypertension for which he takes daily medication. He is a non-smoker. Other than antihypertensive medications, he takes a baby aspirin and men's multivitamin daily."

• Assessment:

"Mr. Michaelson has a cough, dyspnea, and is complaining of chest pain when breathing. The ER physician ordered an EKG that showed no abnormal cardiac rhythm or suggestion of myocardial infarction. Because of his symptoms and the negative initial cardiac results, I wonder if Mr. Michaelson may have pneumonia."

• Recommendation:

"With your permission, I'd like to repeat lab work and include adding a troponin level, just in case the EKG missed anything, as well as administer a formal chest x-ray. Also, do you think it would be appropriate to start him on a round of antibiotics?"

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​test-taking strategies

​test-taking strategies

• Try covering up the options so that you are focused only on the stem (the first part of the question).

• Underline/note key words in the question. Determine what is being asked. 

• If you have a question with negatives (i.e. not, avoid, least, except), circle the negative and note its effect on the overall meaning of the question. You may want to re-phrase the question for yourself. 

• Identify those key words (such as can, may, most, frequently), which indicate greater latitude, versus absolute words (such as will, must, all, always), which are more restricting.

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​test-taking strategies

• If you can answer without looking at the options, do so by making a mental or written note. 

• Read each of the options carefully, even if you see your answer among them. Identify key words.

• If you know the correct answer, select it and move on to the next question. 

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​Test-taking strategies

• When trying to choose among alternatives, take one option at a time and combine it with the stem to make a true/false statement. 

• If you find yourself unable to decide between two options, ask yourself what makes those two options different. Then go back to the stem of the question to test each option again. 

• Don’t change an answer unless you have a good reason to reject the old answer.

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​exam 2 discussion

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