​Learning Objectives:

At the end of the discussion, students are expected to:​

• describe the nature of research;

• distinguish scientific research and common sense;

• ​identify and distinguish the different sources of knowledge;

• ​differentiate the three kinds of research: basic or theoretical, applied and practical

Nature of Reasearch​

research is "the formalization of the natural processes we all carry from birth in dealing with the environment".​

Seliger and Shohamy (1989)

Meaning of research

Four different types of sources (Seliger and Shohamy 1989)​

• Knowledge as belief

• Knowledge as authority

• A prior knowledge

• empirical knowledge

Nature of Research

​KINDS OF RESEARCH

Research can be categorized as:

• Basic or Theoretical

• Applied

• Practical​