Spiral #1 (Unit 2) Reteach/Review
Presentation
•
Social Studies
•
5th Grade
•
Easy
Jennifer Johnson
Used 4+ times
FREE Resource
3 Slides • 5 Questions
1
After the Civil War, Texas cattle farmers returned home to find that their cattle herds had grown tremendously while they were away. The good news was that demand for beef was growing in the East. Most of the cattle there had been consumed by Union and Confederate armies. This high demand in the East allowed cattle farmers to be able to charge a higher price for their cattle. But there was one problem--how do you transport cattle to markets so far away?
The solution came from Joseph McCoy, a young cattle shipper from Illinois. McCoy came up with an idea to herd cattle north through Texas and the Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) and meet up with the railroads in Kansas. There, cattle would be loaded into railroad cars and transported east. McCoy chose Abilene, Kansas for his shipping point.
In 1867, the first cattle trail was blazed from the Red River in northern Texas to Abilene. It was called the Chisholm Trail after Jesse Chisholm, a part-Cherokee Indian trader who had made a wagon trail along that route.
2
Multiple Choice
How did cattle farmers get their cows to people in the east?
They hauled the cattle in a semi-truck with a cattle trailer down the interstate.
The cattle farmers required their customers from the east to travel to Texas and retrieve the cattle personally.
The cattle farmers hired cowboys to drive the herd of cows up a cattle trail to railheads in Kansas where the cattle would be loaded on railroad cars and shipped east.
3
Multiple Choice
Why did eastern states need beef?
Disease killed most of the cattle in the east.
During the Civil War, beef was consumed as a major food source for soldiers who fought.
Cattle had a difficult time surviving on the eastern terrain and natural foliage (plant life).
4
Multiple Choice
Why did the farmers ship their cows east?
It cost too much to sell the cattle in Texas and was cheaper to sell in the east.
The people in the eastern states were a lot nicer than the customers in Texas.
The railroad companies wanted the practice of hauling cattle, so they asked the cattle farmers to ship cows using the rail road.
The demand for cows was much higher in the eastern states due to a very low supply of beef in that area. People in the easter were willing to pay a lot more for the cattle than people in Texas.
5
Historians estimate that 35,000 cowboys were on the trails in the second half of the 19th century. About 9,000 of them were black cowboys. After the slaves were freed, many moved out west to work on Texas ranches. Others had already lived in Texas and herded cattle for their masters.
Black and white cowboys worked, ate, and slept in the same places along the trail. Though racial discrimination still existed, the black cowboys of Texas were treated much better on the range than anywhere else. Skills mattered to the ranch bosses, and the black cowboys proved their value on the ranch. They also showed off their skills in local rodeos by riding bulls and bucking broncos!
6
Multiple Choice
Which BEST describes the treatment of African American cowboys by other cowboys?
Little interest
Less harsh discrimination
Concern over timelines
Jealousy about work
7
By the end of the 1800s, railroads had expanded throughout the west and eliminated the need for long cattle drives. Another reason cattle drives ended was because of the invention of barbed wire. This barbed wire was put along the trail and blocked the way for the cattle. Although the era of cowboys and cattle trails had lasted for only about 20 years, the “Old West” is one of the most colorful times in American History!
8
Multiple Choice
What was a reason or reasons that cattle drives ended by the end of the 1800s?
Cowboys refused to work so hard for so little money.
The railroads expanded and barbed wire was invented.
The demand for beef in the east decreased so the need for cattle drives diminished as well.
After the Civil War, Texas cattle farmers returned home to find that their cattle herds had grown tremendously while they were away. The good news was that demand for beef was growing in the East. Most of the cattle there had been consumed by Union and Confederate armies. This high demand in the East allowed cattle farmers to be able to charge a higher price for their cattle. But there was one problem--how do you transport cattle to markets so far away?
The solution came from Joseph McCoy, a young cattle shipper from Illinois. McCoy came up with an idea to herd cattle north through Texas and the Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) and meet up with the railroads in Kansas. There, cattle would be loaded into railroad cars and transported east. McCoy chose Abilene, Kansas for his shipping point.
In 1867, the first cattle trail was blazed from the Red River in northern Texas to Abilene. It was called the Chisholm Trail after Jesse Chisholm, a part-Cherokee Indian trader who had made a wagon trail along that route.
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