Periods

The horizontal rows on the periodic table

All elements in the same period have the same number of energy levels in their electron cloud

Groups

The vertical columns on the periodic table

All elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons

​Compound

• Elements can chemically combine to form new, pure chemical substances. 

• A chemical substance that is made of two or more different elements that chemically combine together is called a compound

• The force between compounds is STRONGER than between mixtures​

• Contain one or more substances NOT bonded together

• ​Can be separated physically

• Retains many of the properties of the components

Record the information above on your note-taker.

Mixtures

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​Mixture

• A compound is NOT the same as a mixture

• A mixture is a physical combination of two or more different chemical substances.

• A compound is a chemical combination of two or more different chemical substances (specifically, elements)

• Unlike an element and compound, a mixture is NOT a pure chemical substance

Concept Map of Classifying Matter

Recall

• Mixtures are a combination of substances

  • Can heterogenous or homogenous

    • Heterogenous Mixtures: large particles that ​can be easily seen and separated

      • Suspensions: a heterogenous mixture that separates on its own over time

        • Clay in water

      • Colloids: a heterogenous mixture that does not separate on its own over time

        • Milk

Homogenous solutions are Solutions

• Solution: any mixture that is homogenous on a microscopic level

  • Usually a liquid, but can be solid or gas as well

    • Solid solutions tend to be alloys like brass

  • ​Liquids Solutions have two parts

    • Solvent: The main ingredient that you dissolve substances in

      • Water is called the universal solvent because it dissolves so many things into aqueous solutions

    • Solute: the ingredient you are dissolving