Noun.

the verb

​

the noun

​

the adjective

​

the pronoun

​

​

the numeral

​

the adverb​

the interjection

*the Modal Words

*the words of category of state

the Preposition

the conjunction

the Participle

the article

• ​why are some parts of speech highlighted with navy blue colour?

• changes for plural or possessive form

• does not have​ grammatical gender

• countable | uncountable

• concrete | abstract

singular | plural

• How do English nouns get the plural form?

• Any exceptions?​

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

box, brush, army, calf, loaf, hero, halo, valley, cloth, child, deer, mouse-trap, salmon, brother-in-law

Group 1

Some text here about the topic of discussion

fox, glass, fly, lady, knife, thief, echo, day, fish, goose, swine, cod, maid-of-honour, passer-by

Group 2

gas, hoof, city, chief, roof, banjo, potato, foot, mouse, brother, dozen, trout, hanger-on, man-of-war

Group 3

• ​are there any nouns used in singular form only?

• in plural form only?

• How do we call these nouns?

​

Pluralia tantum

​is a noun that appears only in the plural form and does not have a singular variant for referring to a single object. In a less strict usage of the term, it can also refer to nouns whose singular form is rarely used.

​

​The most common categories of such nouns are:

clothing, ​tools/equipment, games, subjects/activities.

Pluralia tantum

aerobics, bellows, billiards, gallows, jeans, maths, measles, news, pincers, pliers, pyjamas, scissors, shears, spectacles, thanks, tidings, tongs, trousers, tweezers, victuals

​

The news is ​good! | Jeans are popular now!

countable | uncountable

countable | uncountable

• How do we differenciate countable and uncountable nouns?

• Any differences in UK & US Eng | formal & informal Eng?

• ​ Countability of nouns with the change of meaning

• How to quantify uncountable nouns?​

countable

​computer (countable) -> one/a computer

two computers

nine computers​

advice (uncountable)​ -> one/a advice

two advice​s

• ​most countable nouns = concrete nouns

​Jack and Lucy enjoy using their new computers.

​Helpline expert will be able to give you (some) advice.

• ​regional differences

​UK | US

accomodation​ (unc) | accomodations (count)

​

? countable

​The word Fruit is a noun. The word is an exception where the noun is both countable and uncountable. So the plural of Fruit can be either Fruit OR Fruits. When we think of Fruit as a group collectively and in a non-specific way, then we tend to use the word Fruit. If we want to specify that there are different kinds of Fruits included, we add -s.

? countable

​The word Fruit is a noun. The word is an exception where the noun is both countable and uncountable. So the plural of Fruit can be either Fruit OR Fruits. When we think of Fruit as a group collectively and in a non-specific way, then we tend to use the word Fruit. If we want to specify that there are different kinds of Fruits included, we add -s.

Do you drink coffee?

​ (=the liquid)

​uncountable

I'd love a coffee, please!​

(=a cup of coffee)​

​countable

coffee: countable?

Her son is good at drawing.

(=skill)

This is an amazing drawing!​

(=a picture)​

• ​all drinks can be used this way, e.g. tea, lemonade, beer

• drawing can be used as both a countable and an uncountable noun, but, e.g. poetry cannot be used this way.