Root, Stem, Leaf

Roots are the primary site of photosynthesis.

Roots give rise to new leaves and flowers.

Roots have a thick cuticle to protect the epidermis.

Roots absorb water and nutrients.

Root hairs anchor a plant into the soil.

Root hairs store starches.

Root hairs increase the surface area for absorption.

Root hairs provide habitat for nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Root cap

Zone of Cell Division

Zone of Elongation

Zone of maturation

Lateral meristems

Pericycle

Cortex

Endodermis

Nodules

Haustoria

Mycorrhiza

Hypha

Apical meristems

Bud scales

Nodes

Lateral meristems

Primary growth increases the girth of the plant.

Primary and secondary growth are required to produce woody plants.

Stems that only experience primary growth are called woody plants.

Secondary growth, a feature of herbaceous plants, extends the length of the plant.

Ground tissue consists mainly of parenchyma cells.

Vascular tissue is located all in the center.

Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.

Vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem.

Carrot

Ginger

Pneumatophore

Spines of cactus

Transport water

Support the weight of the plant

Transport sugar

Absorb sunlight

Cuticle

Stomata

Spongy mesophyll

Palisade mesophyll

Cuticle

Stomata

Spongy mesophyll

Palisade mesophyll

Vascular bundle

Mesophyll

Epidermal layer

Guard cells

Water evaporates directly from the root surface.

Water flows from leaf veins through the stem, toward the roots.

Water exits the leaf through stomata, pulling water into the leaf from leaf veins.

Water exits xylem in leaf veins and enters phloem by osmosis.