​Rationale

• ​Epinephrine is an adrenergic drug (adrenaline, fight or flight)

• The nurse should report any changes observed in pulse rate or rhythm immediately.

• Epinephrine does not affect the glucose level, appetite, or temperature. These do not need to be reported immediately to the primary care provider unless they are severe.

• The nurse would need to perform further assessments to determine the cause of these findings.

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

​Rationale

• The client should call the emergency number first and then administer the dose if they are alone.

• The client should not touch the orange or black tip on the end.

• The dose is administered into the outer thigh and the site is massaged for 10 seconds after removing the device.

​Rationale

• The ANS division of the peripheral nervous system is concerned with functions essential to life and not consciously controlled, such as blood pressure, heart rate, GI activity, and glandular secretions.

• Muscle movement is controlled by conscious control. It is related to various substances in the central nervous system.

​Rationale

• A nurse may be asked to administer adrenergic drugs to clients with hypovolemic shock, respiratory distress, severe hypotension, allergic reactions, and cardiac arrest.

• Severe hypertension could be treated with diuretics, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, antiadrenergic (both centrally acting and peripherally acting), calcium channel blocking, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and vasodilating drugs, depending on the client's situation and additional concerns.

​Rationale

• The nurse should withhold the drug and contact the primary health care provider if the pulse rate of the client is below 60 bpm.

• Providing proper ventilation to the client, delaying drug administration for some time, or providing oxygen support to the client would be inappropriate for this client.

​Rationale

• Atenolol is a beta-adrenergic blocking drug.

• Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors results in decreased heart rate, dilation of blood vessels, a decrease in the heart's excitability, and a decrease in cardiac workload and oxygen consumption and provides membrane-stabilizing effects.

​Rationale

• Prazosin is a peripherally acting andtiadrenergic

• Risk is the nursing diagnosis with a client taking prazosin.

• The client is experiencing postural hypotension and should be taught how to rise slowly from sitting or lying position.

• Teaching the client to avoid long hot showers to minimize the vasodilation from the shower.

• The prescriber does not need to be called.

• The client should be instructed to continue to take the medication as prescribed.

• A nurse would assess orthostatics by taking the client's blood pressure while sitting and then by standing. The client should not be instructed to perform this measurement.

​Rationale

• Cholinergic crisis (cholinergic drug toxicity) symptoms include severe abdominal cramping; diarrhea; excessive salivation; muscle weakness, rigidity, and spasms; and clenching of the jaw. (ATROPINE is the antidote)

• Signs of drug underdosage are signs of the disease itself, namely, rapid fatigability of the muscles, drooping of the eyelids, and difficulty breathing.

• Tolerance would be indicated by a reduction in the adverse reactions to the drug that the client was experiencing.

• There is no information to suggest that the client has an underlying infection.

​Rationale

• Bethanechol is used to treat urinary retentions.

• The nurse's preadministration assessment should include palpation of the bladder, blood pressure, and pulse rate.

• There is no need to palpate the thyroid before administration of the medication.

• The blood glucose should be checked before administering diabetic medication.

​Rationale

• Pyridostigmine is an oral cholinergic medication used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

• Specific adverse reactions include increased bronchial secretions, cardiac arrhythmias, and muscle weakness.

• General adverse reactions associated with oral administration of all cholinergic medications include nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, salivation, skin flushing, cardiac arrhythmias, and muscle weakness.

​Rationale

• The older client may experience visual and mental impairments (blurred vision, confusion, agitation) that can increase the risk of falls.

• Objects or situations that may cause falls, such as throw rugs, electrical cords, footstools, furniture, and wet or newly waxed floors, are removed or avoided whenever possible.

• Attaching handrails to the walls and ensuring the use of assistive devices are not necessarily required, depending on the individual situation.

​Rationale

A nurse administering glycopyrrolate to a client with a peptic ulcer should monitor the client for dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, constipation (not diarrhea), and dysphagia.