Leader-Member Exchange Theory

Followers in the in-group receive more information, influence, and confidence.​

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They are more dependable, involved and communicative.​ They will do more for the leader who will in turn do more for them.

​In-Group

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​Follower in the out-group do the bare minimum and do not go above and beyond.

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Poor performers are a subgroup as not all out-group members are necessarily poor performers, they simply only do the minimum expected.​

​​Out-Group

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Personal relationships with bosses who were “good” bosses/leaders compared to those who were “bad”​

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​The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly Bosses

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