​A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament, the band of connective tissues that joins the end of one bone with another. Sprains are caused by trauma such as a fall or a blow to the body that knocks a joint out of position and, in the worst case, ruptures the supporting ligaments.

​Sprain

​Strain

​A strain is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon - a cord of tissue connecting muscle to bone. It is an acute, noncontact injury that results from overstretching or over-contraction.

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Symptoms of a strain include pain, muscle spasm and loss of strength.

Knee injuries can result from a blow to or twist to the knee, from improper landing after a jump or from running too hard, too much or without proper warm up. Other common sports injuries suffered by athletes are shin splints, Achilles’ tendon injuries, patella dislocation and hamstring, quadriceps, and calf injuries.

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​Knee Injuries

Fracture

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​A fracture is a break in the bone that can occur from either a quick, one-time injury to the bone (acute fracture) or from repeated stress to the bone over time (stress fracture).

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Types of fracture

​●Open fracture (compound fracture): The bone pokes through the skin and can be seen. Or a deep wound exposes the bone through the skin.

●Closed fracture (simple fracture). The bone is broken, but the skin is intact.

●Greenstick. This is an incomplete break. A part of the bone is broken, causing the other side to bend.

●Transverse. The break is in a straight line across the bone.

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Types of fracture

​●Spiral. The break spirals around the bone. This is common in a twisting injury.

●Oblique. The break is diagonal across the bone.

●Compression. The bone is crushed. This causes the broken bone to be wider or flatter in appearance.

●Comminuted. The bone has broken into 3 or more pieces. Fragments are present at the fracture site.

●Segmental. The same bone is broken in 2 places, so there is a "floating" piece of bone.​

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​Dislocation

​When two bones that come together to form a joint become separated, the joint is dislocated. Contact sports such as football, basketball, and lacrosse, as well as high impact sports that can result in excessive stretching or falling, cause most dislocations.

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