Transitions II Units 6-7 Review

​EVER

[at some point in your life.]

​Have/Has + subject + EVER + pp + complement?

​1. Have you ever been to France?

2. Has Sam ever eaten Nigerian food?

3. Have they ever studied Chinese before?

4. Have you ever heard of Motley Crue?​

NEVER

​ [at NO point in your life.]

​Subject + have/has + NEVER + pp + complement.

​1. I have never taken a bus to Philadelphia.

2. She has never lived in a different city.

3. We have never gone on a cruise.

4. They have never worked in a restaurant.​

Already - done at some point in the past

1. We've already taken our exam. So we can leave early today.

2. She's spoken to us already. No need to call again

3. Have the kids eaten today already? They look hungry

4. Mitch and Carol have already worked things out. Their relationship is much better now.

​subject + have/has + ALREADY + pp + complement

subject + have/has + pp + complement + ALREADY​

​Yet - not done until this point, but yes in the future.

​1. Has she bought the tickets yet?

2. ​I haven't clocked out yet because I'm still working.

3. Sindy hasn't told us what happened yet.

4. We haven't met her yet, but we know she is amazing.​

​Subject + have/has + pp + complement + YET

since high school

since 1995

since this past January

since Valentine's day​

​Since

For 5 years​

For 30 minutes​

For a few days​

For a lifetime​

​For

For vs. Since​

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​subject + have/has + been + verb-ing + complement.

subject + haven't/hasn't + been + verb-ing + complement.​

1. I've been watching TV for two hours

2. It's been raining for an hour.

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​3. Mark hasn't been eating well lately.

4. You haven't been coming to class.​

​AFFIRMATIVE

​NEGATIVE

Separable Phrasal Verbs

• can separate with nouns

• must separate with pronouns

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Unit 7: Phrasal Verbs

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Separable Phrasal Verbs

Put away your toys! I had to turn down his invitation​

Put your toys away! I had to turn his invitation down.

Put them away!​ I had to turn it down.

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Can you fill out this application? She helped out Lydia.

Can you fill this application out? She helped Lydia out.

Can you fill this out?​ She helped her out. ​

Subject | Subject

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Inseparable Phrasal Verbs

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• ​cannot be separated

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Unit 7: Phrasal Verbs

Talks about an event that happened before another event in the past.​

Past Perfect Simple

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Unit 8: Past Perfect​

Past Perfect Simple - Form

Subject + had + pp + complement

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Subject + hadn't + pp + complement​

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​AFFIRMATIVE

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NEGATIVE​

Past Perfect Simple - Examples

1. The class had already started by the time Peter arrived.

2. Trisha had already left before we got back.

3. By the time I cleaned the kitchen, the kids had fallen asleep

4. Before the show began, I hadn't done anything.

5. We hadn't ever gone sailing before she went last summer.

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Past Perfect Progressive

Form

Subject + had been + verb-ing + complement

Subject + hadn't been + verb-ing + complement​

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Uses

1. Actions in progress BEFORE another action in the past.

2. Actions that caused a different event in the past

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Past Perfect Progressive - Examples

1. Theo and Denise weren't speaking to each other because they had been fighting for hours.

2. The kitchen was a mess. Someone had been cooking a big meal.

3. Jack hadn't been working on his project so he failed his class.

4. I'd been driving for hours by the time I got to work yesterday.

5. Before Matt started at Walmart, he'd been working for Kohl's for 10 years.

Some verbs take gerund complements (doing) and some verbs take infinitive complements (to do)​

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Unit 9: Gerunds vs. Infinitives

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1. Joel decided to start a business.

2. Francesca can't afford to live in LA​.

3. Justin hopes to meet someone new soon.​

4. The students began to work on their homework early.

5. Tamika needs to study more often.​

​Infinitive

1. We have finished studying the present perfect.

2. I am considering traveling to Turkey.

3. We need to keep working hard to be successful

4. Marsha has been practicing making origami.

​Gerund

1. Neither + aux/modal + subject

ex: Neither do I

Neither can she

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​2. Subject + aux/modal + either

ex: I don't either

We wouldn't either​

Negative

1. So + aux/modal + subject

   ex: so do I

   so should he

2. Subject + aux/modal + too

   ex: I do too

   they will too

Affirmative