Genocide

A Genocide is an elimination of a specific group of people, typically done by a government due to cultural differences from the majority.

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Nazi German targeted anyone not to their standards but specifically the Jewish population

​​Holocaust

Ottoman Empire destroyed Armenian towns and forced them to march until they died

Armenian

Soviet Union forced Ukrainian people to starve to death to exert power over them

​​Holodomor

Americans from the east massacred Native Americans for the search of gold​

California

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​Notable Genocides

Armenian Genocide

• ​1915 - 1916

  • At the collapse of the Ottoman Empire​

• Armenian people were being blamed for the collapse of the empire, so the government targetted them

• Not clear on number of deaths; Somewhere between 800k - 1.5 M

• Some modern countries don't recognize the genocide as actually occuring (Turkey specifically)

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Beginning of the Holocaust

The Perfect Scapegoat

• European Christians​ already had issues with European Jews

  • Religion Tension since the Middle Ages

• Germany was suffering from severe economic depression

  • Many bank owners were Jewish

• Hitler and other Nazi's blamed Jewish owners and therefore other jews for economic problems

• Jews didn't meet Hitler's standards for the superior race

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• November 9, 1938 - Germans destroyed Jewish storefronts and other violent demonstrations

• Reaction to the assassination of a german official that had been shot by a polish Jew

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Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)​

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Refugees and Ghettos

• After Kristallnacht, many Jews tried to leave Germany for other countries.

  • More than 115,000 within a year of Kristallnacht

• As more and more Jews tried to leave, countries started to block their borders.

• As borders closed, Germany started to round Jews up in contained neighborhoods, known as ghettos

  • Ghettos were crowded and controlled by Nazi's

  • Ghettoization did not last very long​

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Final Solution

• ​Systematic Elimination of the Jewish people in Europe

• Jewish people were rounded up, arrested, taken to elimination camps or concentration work camps

  • Elimination camps would just kill Jews

  • Work camps would kill Jews overtime after hard labor

• Jewish people were the priority but not the only people

  • Hungarian Gyp​sies, homosexuals, Polish Jews, Russian Communists, Mentally Ill, Disabled, People of Color

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Jews that couldn't escape, hid from the SS.

Famously known for hiding: Anne Frank

Hiding

​Some Jews were killed on-site by the SS by being shot and buried in trench pits.

Shot Dead by SS

Many Jews were sent to concentration camps. Noteable are Auschwitz or Buchenwald

Sent to Concentration Camp​

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​Fate of Jewish People

Allies Response

• Allied countries, like the USA, Soviet, UK, condemned the Holocaust

  • Although no military action was sent on purpose

  • It is believed that they didn't know the true extent to what was happening

• By 1944, as they marched through europe, they started to liberate the camps

• No Jew was safe until the Nazi's were defeated ​

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Nuremberg Trials

• ​After German surrender, any former Nazi official was hunted and arrested. They would face trial for war crimes

  • Trial took place in Nuremberg, Germany, where they were also held in prison

• Each Allied Country (USA, France, UK, USSR) appointed 2 judges to sit on a tribunal court (4 main, 4 alternate)

  • Verdict was decided by the panel of judges

• Robert H Jackson, US Supreme Court Justice, was the official prosecutor. ​

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• ​Verdicts

  • 12 sentenced to death

  • rest given 10 to life

  • Only 3 defendants were found "Not-guilty"

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Nuremberg Trial Results