Different Kingdom Classification

Objectives

• Discuss the different kingdom classifications

• Explain the three domain systems and their subsystems​

General Biology 2

Kingdom Classifications

• The two-kingdom system of classification was first established by Aristotle, in which he divided organisms into plants and animals based on his observations.

• ​Animal subgroups are based on their habitat (land, air, and water), and plant subgroups are based on their size (small, medium, large).

Aristotle

Kingdom Classification

They move and get energy from other organisms

Animalia

They are stationary and depend only on the sun to produce their own food.

Plantae

Kingdom Classification

• Due to the invention of lenses and microscopes, scientists have been able to study organisms that are too small to be seen by the unaided eye.

• Scientists found out that microorganisms are strikingly different from plants and animals.

• ​The use of microscopes also helped scientists such as the German naturalist Ernst Haeckel to introduce Kingdom Protista.

Kingdom Classification

Animalia

Plantae

Kingdom Classification

They move and get energy from other organisms

They are stationary and depend only on the sun to produce their own food

They are unicellular organisms that have intermediate characteristics of plants and animals

Protista

• Edouard Chatton defined prokaryotes as organisms without nuclei in their cells and eukaryotes as those with nuclei.

• This enabled the establishment of the so-called empires (which is a precursor to the domain system).

• ​From this establishment, Herbert Copeland, an American biologist, proposed the four-kingdom classification scheme.

• He grouped all prokaryotes under Kingdom Monera.

Kingdom Classification

Kingdom Classification

• In 1969, Robert Whittaker, an American ecologist, introduced Kingdom Fungi, which includes stationary organisms that are not photosynthetic.

• ​He based his scheme on the similarities and differences of body forms, the manner of obtaining nutrients, cell structure, and patterns of development.

Kingdom Classification

Kingdom Classification

• With the dawn of molecular studies in the 1970s, a group of scientists led by Carl Woese proposed that Kingdom Monera can be further divided into Kingdom Eubacteria and Kingdom Archaebacteria.

• ​The organisms under the newly discovered Kingdom Archaebacteria have a distinct plasma membrane and cell wall.

• They also have genetic materials that resembled humans and eukaryotes more than that of other prokaryotes.

Kingdom Classification

Kingdom Classification

• Due to the fast-paced advancement of technology, scientists have proposed numerous ways to classify organisms in a more specific approach.

• One of these proposed classification schemes is the eight-kingdom scheme.

• In this scheme, Kingdom Protista is subdivided into Kingdom Archezoa, Kingdom Protozoa, and Kingdom Chromista. ​

Kingdom Classification

Kingdom Classification

Kingdom Classification

By Nelson Jr Talamor