By Ana Gomez

​Conjugate in the pluscuamperfecto

By Ana Gomez

By Ana Gomez

By Ana Gomez

​Pretérito

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​IMPERFECTO:

​90% of the time you could follow this rule:

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​Pretérito Imperfecto

I worked - I was working ​

Trabajé ​ - I used to work

Trabajaba​

By Ana Gomez

​Choose between imperfecto or pretérito

Presente perfecto del subjuntivo

By Ana Gomez

​When do we use presente perfecto de subjuntivo?:

1) Immediate past (recent events)

2) ​Referring to a period of time that hasn't finished

​3) Past experiences (without temporal reference)

​4) Expressing actions that will finish in the future

Conjugation

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Haber in subjunctive + participle ​= present perfect in subjunctive

​

Es dudoso que ​haya ido a caminar.​

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​Indicativo: Yo he terminado mi tarea.

I have finished my homework​​

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Subjuntivo: Espero que haya terminado la tarea I hope she have finished the task.​

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​Check the differences between indicativo and

subjuntivo

​Indicativo: Yo he terminado mi tarea.

I have finished my homework​

​

• ​Haber is conjugated in present tense of the indicative

  Yo haber --> Yo he terminado

• Participle "terminado" (in this type of tense, participles are not mark by gender or number)

​(​Remember that participles are obtained by replacing -ar verbs with -ado and -er and -ir with -ido) Terminar --> terminado, vivir --> vivido

Subjuntivo:

Espero que ella haya terminado la tarea I

hope she have finished the task.​

​

• ​Haber is conjugated in present tense of the subjunctive

  Ella haber --> Ella haya

• The present perfect tense in subjunctive will follow a subjunctive use; uncertainty, wishes, emotions, impersonal expressions, recommendations, doubt, ojalá

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If it's hard for you to remember all the uses of subjuntivo, try to use the acronym (u)WEIRDO

​(U) uncertainty

W ishes

E motions

I mpersonal expressions (es bueno que, es raro que)

R ecommendations

D oubt/denial

O jalá​

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​(U) uncertainty (no estoy seguro que...)

W ishes (espero que..., deseo que...)

E motions (Qué frustante que, Me alegra que...)

I mpersonal expressions (es bueno que, es raro que)

R ecommendations (Me recomiendan que..)

D oubt/denial (Es dudoso que..., No creo que...)

O jalá (Ojalá que...)​

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Because it's subjunctive, we would use it for:

1. Pasado inmediato (immediate past)

Referring to something that hasn't happened a while ago.

​

• Nosotros tenemos mucho trabajo esta semana. Espero que tú hayas hecho la tarea ✅

  ​

In the sentence, the period of time is "this week", so the speaker is hoping that the other person have done the homework.

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1. Pasado inmediato (immediate past)

• Espero que hayas escrito tu ensayo.

  I hope you have written your essay.

• Ojalá que hayas estudiado mucho.

  I hope you have studied hard.

• Es posible que Marcela ya haya llegado a casa.

• It is possible that Marcela has already arrived home.

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¡Qué raro que Claudia no haya llegado a trabajar hoy!​​​

​​

• The sentence is indicating that Claudia hasn't arrived YET, but there's a possibility that she might arrived because the day hasn't ended. This is why this sentence is referring to a period of time unfinished.

2. Período de tiempo no a​cabado (Period of time unfinished)

3. Experiencias pasadas sin referencia temporal

> Past experiences (without temporal reference)

> Referring to a situation without mentioning when it might have happened.​

3. Experiencias pasadas sin referencia temporal

​Julieta habla muy bien el italiano. Es posible que haya vivido en Italia.

​

> In this sentence, we are assuming that Julieta lived in Italy (that's why is subjunctive, it's a hypothetical statement).

> It's a sentence that doesn't express when Julieta (might) have lived in Italy.

3. Experiencias pasadas sin referencia temporal

​Julieta habla muy bien el italiano. Es posible que haya vivido en Italia.

​

• In this sentence, we are assuming that Julieta lived in Italy (that's why is subjunctive, it's a hypothetical statement).

• It's a sentence that doesn't express when Julieta (might) have lived in Italy.

• ​Julieta might have lived in Italy this year or last month or never.

4. Acciones que finalizaran en el futuro

• Referring to events that will come to a closure in the future.

• ​This type of sentences tend to begin with "Cuando"

• We're guessing or expecting for something after a certain event or action finishes.

4. Acciones que finalizaran en el futuro

(PPS + future tense)

• Cuando haya terminado la carrera, me iré a Los Ángeles

  When I'm done with my degree, I'll go to Los Angeles.

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• ​Cuando haya terminado mi tarea, saldré con mis amigos​

  ​When I have finished my homework, I will go out with my friends.

• Cuando Alejandra y Carlos se hayan ​graduado, ellos se casarán.

  When Alejandra and Carlos have graduated, they will get married.​​

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