522-PEASANT MOVEMENTS AND CIVIL UPRISINGS IN BRITISH INDIA

·    In 1853, Harish Chandra Mukherjee was the editor of the English weekly newspaper "Hindoo Patriot."

·     It was a nationalist publication that was instrumental in exposing Bengal's indigo planters' oppression.​

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​·    The Rangpur uprising exposed the weaknesses in the Ijaradari system. Despite the fact that the rebellion was put down, the government implemented some agricultural reforms.

·     This uprising brought Hindus and Muslims together.

·    Oppressed by the revenue farmer, Devi Singh, the peasants of Rangpur district rose up in revolt, led by a small landholder named Dhiraj Narayan.

Tebhaga movement

·    The Tebhaga movement was a militant campaign launched in Bengal by the Kisan Sabha in 1946-47.

·    The share croppers of the Bengal region led the Tebhaga movement against the oppressive jotedars.

·     Sharecropping peasants were required to give half of their harvest to landowners at the time. The Tebhaga (sharing by thirds) movement demanded that the share given to landlords be reduced to one-third.

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Revolt - States

Pabna revolt-Bengal

Eka movement-Uttar Pradesh​

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Rangpur uprising-1783

·    The Rangpur Dhing (rebellion) erupted in the district of Rangpur, Bengal in 1783.

·    It was a protest by peasants and Zamindars against the government's exorbitant revenue demands.

·    Oppressed by revenue farmer Devi Singh, the peasants of Rangpur district rose up under the leadership of Dhiraj Narayan, a small land holder.

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Sanyasi rebellion (1776 – 1777)

 ·    The British government's prohibition on people visiting holy sites was the immediate cause of the rebellion. A large number of dispossessed small Zamindars, disbanded soldiers, and rural poor join joined in this rebellian

·    They attacked the Company's factories and treasuries, as well as fighting the Company's forces.

·    Leaders: Majnum Shah, Chirag Ali, Musa Shah, Bhawani Pathak and Debi Chaudhurani​

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·     Under the leadership of Shahajanand Saraswathi, the Kisan Sabha movement began in Bihar.

·       Its goal was to mobilise peasant grievances against zamindari attacks on their right to occupy the land.

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The Bijolia movement(1897-1915)

·    The Bijolia movement was a peasant movement against excessive land revenue exactions in the Bijolia jagir of the former Mewar state (in present-day Rajasthan, India). It is the longest peasant movement  in the Indian history​

·     In 1860, the famous writer Dinabandu Mitra was writing the play Neel Darpan, which was about the plight of indigo farmers.

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·    Karam Shah founded the Pagal Panthi, a semi-religious group made up primarily of Hajong and Garo tribes.

·     After fighting the Zamindars and the British for oppressive taxes and laws, he captured Sherpur in 1825.

·     The government enacted a fair arrangement to protect the peasants, but the movement was violently suppressed.

·    Kuka movement 1854-72

·    Tebhaga movement-1946

·    Bardoli satyagraha-1927

·    Eka movement-1921-22​

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Eka movement (1921)

·     The Eka Movement, also known as the Unity Movement, was a peasant movement that emerged in Hardoi in  1921.

·    The Eka movement was a type of peaceful protest that began primarily in the region of Awadh, which is now the North-Eastern portion of Uttar Pradesh.

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·    Eka Madari Pasi (born 1860) was a militant peasant leader in India who founded the Eka Movement.

·    The Eka Movement, also known as the Unity Movement, was a peasant movement that emerged in Hardoi, Bahraich, and Sitapur at the end of 1921.

·     It was founded by Congress and the Khilafat movement and was later led by Madari Pasi.​

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The Narkelberia uprising(1782-1831)

• Mir Nithar Ali, also known as Titu Mir, inspired Muslim tenants in West Bengal to rise up against landlords, primarily Hindus, who imposed a beard tax on the Faraizis and British indigo planters.​

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Pabna Peasant Uprising (1873–76)

·    It was a peasant resistance movement in Pabna, Bengal, against the land lords in the Yusufshahi Pargana (now the Sirajganj District, Bangladesh).

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·    The Peasant Uprising of Pabna began in 1873.

·    It lasted until 1876, when it was abolished.

·     It was primarily against Bengal's land lords.

·     The leader of the uprising was Ishan Chandra Roy.

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Indigo revolt

·    Neel Darpan was a Bengali play written by Dinabandu Mitra in 1858–1859.

·    The play was crucial to the Nilbidraha, or Indigo Revolt, in Bengal in February–March 1859, when farmers refused to sow indigo in their fields as a protest against the British Raj's exploitative farming practices.

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Paika Rebellion 1817

·    The Paika Bidroha, also known as the Paika Rebellion.

·     In 1817, there was an armed rebellion in India against Company rule.

·    An armed rebellion against Company rule occurred in India in 1817.

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Tebhaga Movement

·    The Tebhaga Movement was a Bengali peasant movement.  In 1946, the Bengal region's sharecroppers revolted against the oppressive Jotedars.

·    The All India Kisan Sabha, the Communist Party of India's peasant wing, was in charge of the movement.

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·    All of India Kisan Sabha is the Communist Party of India's peasant or farmers' wing, an important peasant movement founded in 1936 by Sahajanand Saraswati.

·    Lucknow hosted the first session of the All India Kisan Sabha.

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·    Majnu shah organised and led the Faqir-Sanyasi Resistance movement.

·     The Sanyasi Revolt or uprising engulfed Bengal (including modern-day Bangladesh), Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh from 1763 onwards.

Indigo revolt

·      The leaders of the 1859 rebellion against the planters in Bengal were Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswas.

·    This movement includes people from all walks of life, including farmers, missionaries, Bengal intellectuals, and Muslims.

·    The Bengali intelligentsia, Muslims, and missionaries supported the Indigo revolt.

·     Hindus and Muslims joined hands against their oppressors in this revolt.

Ahom revolt

·     Following the First Anglo-Burmese War, Ahom's Revolt erupted in Assam. The rebellion was in response to the British Empire's annexation of territories in 1828.

·    Gomdhar Konwar was the movement's leader, and the British military put down the uprising.

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Deccan Peasants Uprising (1875):

·     This was a protest against the corruption of Marwari and Gujarati money lenders.

·     It began as a social protest against money lenders by peasants in Maharashtra's Poona and Ahmednagar districts, but quickly escalated into an armed peasant rebellion.

The Bardoli Satyagraha,

·     The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was a movement led by Sardar Vallabhai Patel on behalf of the farmers of Bardoli against unjust tax increases.

·     Vallabhbhai Patel eventually led the movement, and its success helped pave the way for Patel to rise to prominence as one of the independence movement's most prominent leaders.

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Veluthampi revolt (1807-1809

·    In the early 18th century, Velu Thampi, the Dalawa (modern-day equivalent of Prime Minister) of the Kingdom of Travancore, led an insurgency against the British East India Company.

·     In January 1809, Velu Thampi Dalawa issued a proclamation known as the Kundara Proclamation.

·     It was a rallying cry to the people to rise up against the British and overthrow them. His rallying cry elicited a massive response.

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·    Anand Math, a novel by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, was published in 1882. The national anthem of India, Vande Mataram, was first published in this novel.

·    This novel was inspired by the Sanyasi Rebellion, which took place in the late 1700s and was made famous by Bankim Chandra in this novel.

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Ramosi Uprising

·    The Ramosi Uprising (1877-1887; Maharashtra) was a peasant uprising against British failure to implement anti-famine measures.

·    It was led Vasudev Balwant Phadke

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Ghumsur uprising

·     Ghumsur is a town in Odisha's Ganjam district.

·     The first Ghumsur uprising occurred in 1797, and the second occurred in 1835, both during the reign of Charles Metcalfe.

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​09.02.2023

Quiz Code : 523