Chemical Properties of Alcohol

​Preparation of alcohol p130

• ​fermentation of sugar or starch

• hydration of alkene

• hydrolysis of haloalkane

• synthesis of Grignard reagent

• reduction of carbonyl

• reduction of carboxylic acid​

Sem 3 Chemistry​

Chapter 5​

​Chemical properties of alcohol

​Fission of CO-H

• Formation of alkoxide

• Formation of ester

• Oxidation of alcohol​

Sem 3 Chemistry​

Chapter 5​

Fission of C-OH​

• Dehydration of alcohol

• Halogenation

​Fission of C-OH (via nucleophilic substition)

Dehydration of alcohol

• elimination reaction

• Reagent: concentrated H₂SO₄ in excess

• Condition: heated at 180^oC

• ​Reagent2: Al₂O₃ (Alumina)

• Condition2: heated 350^oC​

Sem 3 Chemistry​

Chapter 5​

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• Reagent: SOCl₂

• Condition: reflux

• Reagent: PCl₅

• Condition: reflux​

Fission O-H (alcohol as acid)​

Reaction with Na or K to form alkoxide

• Reagent: Na or K

• Condition: room temperature

• equation: CH₃CH₂OH + Na →​ CH₃CH₂ONa + ½H₂

Sem 3 Chemistry​

Chapter 5​

Q: Write balanced equation for the reaction of ethane-1,2-diol reacts with excess of sodium metal.​

Sem 3 Chemistry​

Chapter 5​

Answer​

CH₂(OH)CH₂(OH) + 2Na →​ CH₂(O^-Na⁺)CH₂(O^-Na⁺) + H₂

Sem 3 Chemistry​

Chapter 5​

​Fission of O-H (alcohol as acid)

Esterification (condensation reaction)

• Reagent: glacial carboxylic acid

• Catalyst: concentrated H₂SO₄

• Condition: reflux​

• Reagent2: acyl chloride

• Condition2: room temperature​

Subject | Subject

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​Exercise p 133

Sem 3 Chemistry​

Chapter 5​

Answer​

Sem 3 Chemistry​

Chapter 5​

Fission O-H (alcohol as acid)​

Oxidation of alcohol

• ​oxidising agent: acidified KMnO₄ or acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ or chromic acid (H₂CrO₄)

• Condition: reflux

• Primary alcohol →​ CO₂ + H₂O or carboxylic acdi

• Secondary alcohol →​ ketone

• ​Tertiary alcohol → resist to oxidation

Sem 3 Chemistry​

Chapter 5​

Excercise​

Identify the products of oxidation for the following alcohols.

1. 2-methylpropan-1-ol

2. Butan-2-ol

3. 2-Methylpropan-2-ol​

Sem 3 Chemistry​

Chapter 5​

Sem 3 Chemistry​

Chapter 5​

​Answer