Work!

• ​Please work to complete all unit 1 work as we are starting unit 2 today!

• ​2.1.3, 2.1.6 and 2.1.9 are due 10/25 (Wednesday)

• come to study halls Mondays from 3-4 if there are any questions or help you may need

Today's plan: review study 2.1

• review ser conjugations

• discuss estar conjugations

• discuss difference between ser and estar​

the verb ser

yo soy nosotros / nosotras somos

​

tu eres vosotros / vosotras sois

​

el/ella

usted es ellos/ellas/ustedes son​

​to be: am, is, are

Ser with nationality

• adjusts in gender / number depending on who you're describing: ex: boliviano, boliviana, bolivianos, bolivianas​

• ex: yo soy de Irelanda / Soy irlandesa

• ex: Mama es de Japon / Ella es japonesa.

• ex: Ellos son de Cuba / Ellos son cubanos​

The verb estar

to be: am, is, are

​yo estoy nosotros / nosotras estamos

​

​tú Estás vosotros / vosotras estais

​

Él / ella/ usted Está ellos / ellas / ustedes ​están

If ser and estar mean to be..

​am, is and are.. what's the difference?

Ser is used for permanent, physical, or inherent characteristics. It is also used to identify things.

​

Yo soy alto. I am tall.

La nieve es blanca. The snow is white.

La reina es poderosa. The queen is powerful.

Eres mi amiga. You are my friend.​

Ser is used...

​

• inherent characteristics/ things that aren't going to change: relationships are complicated; movies are expensive; so-and-so is a nice person

• physical characteristics: being short, thin, fair-skinned, dark-haired, etc.

• Use ser with adjectives to describe someone's personality.

• Ser is used to identify people's relationships to one another; for example, Julio es mi amigo.

• When talking about nationality or origin, ser is used because nationalities are a permanent characteristic.

• for telling time ... es la una / son las ...

• with expressions: es importante ... / es malo ...

ser and estar continued..

​

Estar is used for more temporary characteristics and for location.

Estoy feliz.  I am happy. Estamos juntos (en el parque.) We are together (at the park.) ¿Estás en Europa?  Are you in Europe? Ella está enferma.  She is sick.

Estar is used...

• ​Estar is used when talking about how one feels:

• Physically:Yo estoy enferma. I am sick

• Mentally:Estamos muy ocupados. We are very busy.

• ​Estar is used to talk about location. It doesn't matter if the location is temporary or permanent.

• Permanent:La Estatua de la Libertad está en Nueva York. The Statue of Liberty is in New York.

• Temporary:Julia está en la cocina. Julia is in the kitchen.

​

• health

• emotion

• location

• present progressive (later on!) ​

​ESTAR: help

• description

• occupation

• characteristics

• time

• origin

• relationships

​SER: doctor

DOCTOR HELP?

Negatives in Spanish

No always comes before the verb!​

​Tengo mucha tarea. 'I have a lot of homework.'   vs.No tengo mucha tarea. 'I don't have a lot of homework.'

Here, the word no placed in front of the verb negates the phrase. It means 'not' or 'do not'.

When answering a question with 'No, I don't...' remember that you'll need two no's. The first no is for answering the question. The second is to negate the verb. For example, No, no me gusta bailar.  'No, I do not like to dance.'

Negatives in Spanish

No always comes before the verb!​

​Do you always have to use the 'not' with nunca? No, not always, but it's a good idea to make a habit of using double negatives in Spanish.

Here are some other examples of using nunca:Nunca leo para la clase de biología. 'I never read for biology class.

No leo nunca para la clase de biología. 'I never read for biology class.

​

Helpful hint: You must either have a no in front of the conjugated verb and a nunca or some variation of nunca behind it, or you may have the nunca in front of the conjugated verb. For example, you would never see Leo nunca para la clase de biología. This is not an acceptable variation in Spanish. It would either start with Nunca leo or No leo nunca.

​In general, the only words that are goingto replace the 'no' in front of the verb are:

Nunca: Never

Nadie: No one

Jamás: Never

Ni...Ni... : Neither...nor...

2.1.9 practice- written

2.1.9 practice- written

​The highlighted ones need a subject change in the answer!