Industries

By SHREEMAYI LAL-VII-F

I will be able to Recaptiulate :-

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• About the distribution of major industries around the world

• Production of iron and steel industry , Jamshedpur & Pittsburg​.

• Cotton textile industry first mill to be there and manchester of India and Japan​

By SHREEMAYI LAL-VII-F

• Like other industries iron and steel industry too comprises various inputs, processes and outputs. This is a feeder industry whose products are used as raw material for other industries.

  The inputs for the industry include raw materials such as:

  iron ore, coal and limestone, along with labour, capital, site and other infrastructure.

  The process of converting iron ore into steel involves many stages:

  1- Raw material is put in the blast furnace.

  2- it undergoes smelting.

  3- It is then refined. The output obtained is steel which may be used by other industries as raw material​

By SHREEMAYI LAL-VII-F

History of STEEL​

The historical evidences of the location of iron and steel industry varies from time to time.

Before 1800 AD, iron and steel industry was located where raw materials, power supply and running water were easily available. Later the ideal location for the industry was near coalfields and close to canals and railways. • After 1950, iron and steel industry began to be located on large areas of flat land near sea ports, because these industries became very large and iron ore had to be imported from overseas.​

By SHREEMAYI LAL-VII-F

Characteristics of STEEL​

Steel is tough and it can easily be shaped, cut or made into wires. Special alloys of steel can be made by adding small amounts of other metals like aluminium, nickel and copper. Alloys give steel unusual hardness, ability or toughness to resist rust.​

By SHREEMAYI LAL-VII-F

Uses of STEEL​

Ships, trains, trucks, and autos are made largely of steel. Even the safety pins and the needles used in daily life are also made from steel. Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery. Steel pipelines transport oil. Minerals are mined with steel equipment. Farm machines are mostly steel. Large buildings have steel framework.​

By SHREEMAYI LAL-VII-F

​Location of Steel Industry in India

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All the important steel producing centres which are situated in a region that spreads over four states-West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha and Chhattisgarh. Other important steel centres are Bhadravati and Vijay Nagar in Karnataka, Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh, Salem in Tamil Nadu .

By SHREEMAYI LAL-VII-F

JAMSHEDPUR​

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Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO) was the only iron and steel plant in India till

Independence. It is located at Jamshedpur TISCO was started in 1907 at Sakchi, near the confluence of the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai in Jharkhand. Later on Sakchi was renamed as Jamshedpur. Geographically, Jamshedpur is the most conveniently situated iron and steel centre in the country.

By SHREEMAYI LAL-VII-F

Why was Sakchi chosen ?​

​Sakchi was chosen to set-up the steel plant for several reasons:

• This place was only 32 km away from Kalimati station on the Bengal-Nagpur railway linc.

• It finds raw material like coal from Jharia coalfields, iron ore, limestone, dolomite and manganese from Odisha and Chhattisgarh.

• Kolkata provides a large market to this region.

• The Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers ensured sufficient water supply. • It also found government initiatives provided adequate capital for its later development.​

By SHREEMAYI LAL-VII-F

Other Industrial plants in Jamshedpur​

In Jamshedpur, several other industrial s were set-up after TISCO. They plants produce chemicals, locomotive parts, agricultural equipment, machinery, tinplate, cable and wire. Almost all sectors of the Indian industry depend heavily on the iron and steel industry for their basic infrastructure.​

Pittsburg​

​Pittsburgh: Important Steel City of the USA It is an important steel city of the United States of America. As other steel plants,

It also enjoys favourable geographical conditions such as:

• Raw material like coal is available locally. Iron ore comes from the iron mines at Minnesota, about 1500 km from Pittsburgh.

• The famous Great Lakes waterway provides one of the best routes for shipping between Minnesota and Pittsburgh. Trains carry the ore from Great Lakes to Pittusburg

• ​ It is provided by the Ohio, the Monogahela and Allegheny rivers.

Cotton & Textile Industry​

The cotton textile industry is one of the oldest industries in the world.​ With the invention of power looms, the development of cotton textile industry took place first in Britain and later in other parts of the world. At present, India, China, Japan and the USA are the important producers of cotton textiles.

​Cotton Textile Industry in India

Before British rule India hand spun and woven cloth had a wide market .​ But the production of hand woven cotton textile was expensive and time consuming.

Ahmedabad

It is located in Gujarat on the banks of the Sabarmati river. After Mumbai, India. The first mill was established in 1859 in Ahmedabad. It is now known as the Manchester of India.

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​Locational Advantages of Ahemdabad

1. Ahmedabad is situated very close to cotton growing​

2. The cotton is ideal for spinning and weaving. ​

3. The flat terrain and easy availability of land is suitable for the establishment of the mills.​

4. ​The densely populated states of Gujarat and Maharashtra provide both skilled and semi-skilled labour.

5. Well developed road and railway network permits easy transportation of textiles to different parts of the country.

6. Mumbai port nearby facilitates import of machinery and export of cotton textiles.​

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Osaka

It is known as the Manchester of Japan. The textile industry at Osaka completely depends upon imported raw cotton from Egypt India, China and USA. Due to its importance, it became one of the important textile cities in the country but later it was replaced by other industries, such as iron and steel, machinery, ship buikling, automobiles, electrical equipment and cement.​