In this lecture, you will:

• Explain how English consonants are articulated

• Describe and produce English consonants

  • voiced and voiceless consonants

  • fricatives and affricates

  • nasals, stops, glides​

• Transcribe consonants using IPA

TSLB3043

English Phonetics and Phonology

Symbols for Transcribing Consonants

TSLB3043

English Phonetics and Phonology

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3043

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3043

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3043

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3043

Allophones

TSLB3043

English Phonetics and Phonology

• Variants of the same phoneme = allophones, e.g. the different allophones for the consonant /d/ because of the context in which it occurs

• Allophones are indicated by adding diacritics (small marks added to a symbol to modify its value), e.g. p^h

Secondary Articulation

TSLB3043

English Phonetics and Phonology

Happens when the production of speech sound involves certain types of modification

Types of Transcription

TSLB3043

English Phonetics and Phonology

​Narrow transcription

• Transcription that shows more phonetic detail that is available and relevant, either by using more specific symbols or by representing some allophonic differences

• [p^hɒp]​

• [tɹ̥ɪp]

• [ˈθɜːˈtiːn̪θ]

​Broad transcription

• Transcription that uses the simplest possible set of symbols

• /pɒp/​

• /trɪp/

• /ˈθɜːˈtiːnθ/

Types of Transcription

TSLB3043

English Phonetics and Phonology

​Systematic phonetic transcription

• Transcription that shows all the rule-governed allophones and every detailed of the sounds involved

​Impressionistic transcription

• A transcription that may not imply the existence of rules accounting for allophones and the symbols indicate only the phonetic value of the sounds

• E.g. when writing down an unknown language or when transcribing the speech of a child not seen previously