Causal Clauses

because or since

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Cum simus amici, te iuvabo.

Since we are friends, I will help you.​

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Circumstantial Clauses

when or while

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Cum puero sim, ludebam in agris.

When I was a boy, I used to play in the fields.​

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Concessive Clauses

although or even though

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Cum modo puero essem, pater iussit me pugnare.

Even though I was only a boy, my father ordered me to fight.

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Some text here about the topic of discussion

Temporal Clauses

when or while

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Cum ientaculum edebam, labiam mordi.

When I was eating breakfast, I bit my lip.

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*This is the only type that uses indicative verbs.

Not sure if temporal or circumstantial?

If the cum clause is in the past (before the other clause), it will be subjunctive/circumstantial, but if it is future or at the same time, it will be indicative.

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This is only important to remember if you are writing in Latin. If translating, just say "when" and move on!​

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