Midterm Review Physical Science Part 2 2022

• ​lipid barrier

• ​encloses the cytoplasm

• ​controls what enters and exits the cell

• ​protects and gives cell some structure

• ​in both plant and animal cells

• ​tough, protective barrier

• ​made of cellulose

• surrounds the outer membrane of plant cells

• ​forms stiff and rigid structure to help plants grow tall

  NOT in animal cells

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes. The nuclear envelope disappears. More structures also appear.

Chromosomes line up in the middle

Centromeres break and sister chromatids pull apart when the spindle fibers shorten

Chromosomes unpack to less visible chromatin and nuclear envelope. The cell begins to pull apart by pinching in the middle before it divids.

by Neotha Moses-Williams

Unit 4 7.P.2.1

How is energy defined in science?

* The ABILITY to move matter or CHANGE matter in some other way.

 * The ability to do WORK.

Name two types that energy.

* POTENTIAL ENERGY

* KINETIC ENERGY

- STORED energy or ENERGY ready to be released.

- energy RELEASED or energy in MOTION.

Energy that is released from chemical reactions

Also known as heat energy , the sun is an example of thermal energy that is transferred

A Light bulb is an example of the use of electrical energy

Check the examples on the right

Newton ?

Let us look at more examples of energy transformation

Let us look at this one last time before you go onto a short quiz

They have two poles, north, and south.

Their fields always move north to south.

Like poles repel

Here is a short video about electricity and some things that we need to know to move forward. 

• Protons are in the nucleus of the atom and have a positive charge. (+)

• Neutrons are in the nucleus of an atom and have a neutral or no charge.

• Electrons orbit the atomic nucleus and have a negative charge. (-)

• Ampere: continuous flow or charge that we call an electric current. This is measured in amperes or amps.

• Voltage: pressure in the wire that creates a difference in potential energy. We measure this in Volts.

• Resistance: the tendency for certain materials to slow or impede the flow of electrons. This is resistance and we measure it in Ohm's.

• Electrical current will flow through a connected conductor that does not have any gaps or empty spaces. We call those loops circuits.

• Series circuits are circuits with only one path for electrons to flow.

• Parallel circuits have more than one path for electrons.

• These circuits are used for different purposes.

• You have circuits in any place that has electricity.

Conductors allow for an easier flow of electrons.

Insulators resist the flow of electrons.