​GEOGRAPHY

​"geo" = earth

​

​"graphy" = describing

​

​Geography is the study of the Earth.

​

​Physical Environment

​Built environment

​Physical Geography

• Physical Environment

• ​

  • Atmosphere

  • Hydrosphere

  • ​​Lithosphere

  • ​Biosphere

​

​

Geographers study various aspects of the Earth

​ATMOSPHERE

• ​Troposphere

  • Contains clouds / rain / weather

• ​Stratosphere

  • Temperature is constant

• ​Mesosphere

  • Temperature decreases with height

• ​Thermosphere

  • ​Temperature increases sharply

• ​Exosphere

  • Outermost layer

​HYDROSPHERE

• Refers to all the water found on the Earth and in the atmosphere

• ​Solid / Liquid / gaseous

• ​E.g. Rivers / Seas / Rain / Snow etc

​LITHOSPHERE

• ​Solid layer of rock that forms the Earth's surface

• ​Includes mountains and valleys

• ​Earth's crust can be up to 70km thick

​Deepest hole ever dug

​The KOLA Superdeep Borehole

​in Russia

​Digging from 1970 to 1991

Reached up to ​12km deep

​

​Drilling stopped because temperatures reached 180 celsius

​

​And they ran out of money.

​BIOSPHERE

• ​Refers to all living things on the Earth

• ​Dependent on the environment

  • E.g. temperature / rainfall etc