​SPORTS

​5 GOOD REASONS TEENAGERS SHOULD DO SPORTS!

​1. You’ll be healthier.

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​Sports require you to move your body, and it’s a commonly known fact that exercise is good for your health. The health advantages of participating in a sport far outweigh the dangers of actual injury.

​2. You’ll be smarter.

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Many studies reveal that playing sports can actually boost your brainpower.playing a sport actually does require you to think on your feet and strategize, keeping your mind sharp and alert.

​3. You’ll learn teamwork and sportsmanship.

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In sports, individuals learn to rely on each other and motivate one another to accomplish a common goal. Sports also teach you to play fairly and to respect the players on the opposing team. Sports teach you to put forth your best effort and exhibit honorable behavior whether you win or lose a game.​

​4. You’ll make friends.

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When you join a sports team, you will inevitably make friends. Because teammates share so many fun and exciting moments, your friendships should last long after you finish playing.  There is also one more perk: most teams traditionally go out to eat after a game!

​5. You’ll learn to focus and manage your time.

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Sports require time and commitment, but most players usually perform better in school and are more likely to be involved in clubs or community service. Playing a sport requires teenagers to develop two important skills: focus and time management.

​TEAMSPORTS - played by team.

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INDIVIDUAL SPORTS - played by one person.

​ARCHERY

​BADMINTON

​CRICKET

​BOWLING

​BOXING

​TENNIS

​VOLLEYBALL

​BASKETBALL

​FOOTBALL/SOCCER

​HOCKEY

​GYMNASTIC

​FENCING

​CYCLING

​BASEBALL

​SWIMMING

​GOLF

​Modals verbs (permission and obligation.)

PERMISSION

​the act of allowing someone to do something, or of allowing something to happen:

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Parents have to give their permission for their children to go ...​

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can

​We often use can to ask for and give permission.

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Can I sit here?

You can use my car if you like.

Can I make a suggestion?

​could

We also use could to ask for permission (but not to give it). Could is more formal and polite than can.

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Could I ask you something?

Could I interrupt?

Could I borrow your pen for a moment, please?

​may

May is the most formal way to ask for and give permission.

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May I see your passport, please?

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​Prohibition

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We use can't and mustn't to show that something is prohibited – it is not allowed.

​can't

We use can't to talk about something that is against the rules, particularly when we didn't make the rules.

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What does this sign say? Oh, we can't park here.

You can't take photos in the museum. They're really strict about it.

Sorry, we can't sell knives to under-18s.

mustn't​

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We use mustn't particularly when the prohibition comes from the speaker.

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(Parent to child) You mustn't say things like that to your sister. (Teacher to student) You mustn't be late to class. I mustn't let that happen again.

​OBLIGATION

​something a person feels he or she must do

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​have to

Have to shows us that the obligation comes from outside the speaker. 

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We have to wear a uniform when we're working in reception. (Student to teacher) When do we have to hand in our homework? Al has to work tomorrow so he can't come.

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We sometimes call this 'external obligation'.

​must

Must expresses a strong obligation or necessity. It often shows us that the obligation comes from the speaker (or the authority that wrote the sentence). 

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I must phone my dad. It's his birthday today.

(Teacher to student) You must hand in your homework on Tuesday or you will lose ten per cent of your mark.

(Sign on a plane) Seat belts must be worn by all passengers.

​Note that we don't use must to express obligation in the past. We use have to instead.

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I had to pay £85 to renew my passport last week.

​Both Must and have to express obligation or necessity, but there are some small differences:

​•  Must expresses the speaker's feelings, whereas have to expresses, above all, an impersonal idea:

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You must come. You are obliged to come (I require that you come)

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You have to come. You are obliged to come. (There's a rule requiring you to come)

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Must I wear this tie? Am I obliged to wear this tie? (What do you think?)

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Do I have to wear this tie? Am I obliged to wear this tie? (Is there a rule about ties?)

​•  Have to mainly expresses general obligations, while must is used for specific obligations:

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I have to brush my teeth twice a day.

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I must tell you something.

​No obligation

don't have to

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We use don’t have to to show that there is no obligation. You can do something if you want to but it's not compulsory.

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You don't have to wear a tie in our office but some people like to dress more formally. You don't have to go to the bank to do a transfer. You can do it online. You don't have to come with me, honestly. I'll be fine!

​HAVE TO / DON'T HAVE TO

​ 1) They ______  do an exam.

  2) Jenny ______  clean her desk.

  3) Ken and Liz ______  learn more English vocabulary.

  4) Andy ______  help his mom.

  5) We ______  do our homework.

  6) He ______  use pencil at school.

  7) I ______  feed my hamster.

  8) You ______  take photos.

  9) Vicky ______   read the newspaper.

10) The teacher ______   correct a lot of homework.

​II - Complete the sentences using DON'T HAVE TO or DOESN'T HAVE TO:

​1) He ______ work in the evening.

  2) We ______ go shopping.

  3) My friends ______ get up early.

  4) Mandy ______ read the instructions.

  5) You ______ do the project.

  6) I ______ study for the test.

  7) They ______ carry the buckets.

  8) She ______ wash my clothes.

  9) Mom ______ make sandwiches.

10) Frank and Joe ______ go to soccer practice every day. 

​1) You have to / don't have to bring your own sleeping bag.

2) You have to / don't have to bring a tent.

3) You have to / don't have to bring warm clothes.

4) You have to / don't have to bring a watch.

5) You have to / don't have to bring extra money.

​must

Use must + infinitive without to

Must is a modal verb, and modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without to.

• I must go to the doctor. (NOT I must to go to the doctor.)

No -s

Modal verbs don’t add -s after he/she/it.

• He must come with us. (NOT He must comes with us.)

musn't​

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Use must/mustn’t in negatives and questions

Must is an auxiliary verb. This means that it has a negative and an interrogative form. Do not use do/did in negatives and questions.

• We mustn’t arrive early. (NOT We don’t must arrive early.)

• Must we arrive early? (NOT Do we must arrive early?)

​have to

Rules and obligations

We use have to to talk about rules and obligations, something that is necessary.

• I have to get to work before 7 tomorrow.

• The car broke down and we had to call a taxi.

​must

Rules and obligations

Must is very similar to have to. We use must + infinitive (without to) to talk about rules and obligations.

• I must go to the doctor.

• I must get up early tomorrow.