​ Bias

​a particular inclination, feeling, or opinion about a subject that is often preconceived or unreasoned

​Claim

​an assertion, position, or arguable thesis about a topic or issue

Counter argument

is a viewpoint that opposes an author’s thesis or claim; addressing and rebutting counterarguments are essential in persuasive writing and speaking    ​an assertion, position, or arguable thesis about a topic or issue

Critique

is a detailed evaluation or critical commentary on a problem, subject, or work.

Direct address

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is a technique that addresses or calls to an absent person or personified object as if he/she/it is able to reply, yet they are not actually present; also known as apostrophe.

Faulty Reasoning

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a logically incorrect argument, or fallacy, that contains a conclusion that is not supported by data, has limited information, and/or includes personal opinion or bias

Loaded language

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a term or phrase that has strong emotional overtones and that is meant to evoke strong reactions beyond the specific meaning (e.g., tax relief instead of tax cut, or death tax instead of estate tax)

Logical fallacy

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an incorrect or problematic argument that is not based on sound reasoning

Multimodal text

the strategic integration of two or more modes of communication to create meaning, including written and spoken texts, images, gestures, music, digital texts and media, and live performances

Rhetorical Device

a technique that an author or speaker uses to influence or persuade an audience

Rhetorical Questions

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a question asked in order to create dramatic effect or to make a point meant to be considered by the audience and not actually answered by the audience

Sweeping Generalizations

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a writer or speaker’s use of a general statement meant to apply to many cases when some cases may include specific or unique details that make the assertion invalid

Synthesize

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​to combine elements and parts to form a coherent whole

The End​

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