Periodic Trends

• Label trends in the table

• ​Explain why the trends exist

• ​Explain the difference between cations and anions

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All life wants balance. A charge of zero.

An ion is an atom, or compound, that has a charge.

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​How did they get these charges??

​What is an Ion?

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​Cation

• has a + charge

  • ​Why?

• ​Prefix cat- comes from greek, meaning down, inferior, wrong

Anion

• Has a - charge

  • ​Why?

​Ionic Radius Trend

​Explain why each ion type found to the right is the way it is.

The amount of energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom, resulting in an ion

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​Higher energies mean that the atom has a stronger hold on its electrons

Definition

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• At most, each shell can hold 8 valence electrons. Except the first shell holds 2

• ​Therefore, ions are created as each element attempts to gain the maximum valence electrons

• ​Lithium looses one to become a cation and therefore satisfy the rule

​Each Atom Wants To Be Stable

Electronegativity

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• Flourine is the most electronegative element

  • ​Why flourine and not chlorine??

  • ​Because of the nucleus charge. Remember that positive and negative ends of a magnet attract.