Semester Review

Convection Currents, Weather Maps, Hurricanes​

-A cold front is a boundary between two air masses, one cold and the other warm, moving so that the colder air replaces the warmer air.

​

-A cold front is represented as a blue line with the teeth pointing toward the direction of movement.

​

A warm front is a boundary between two air masses, one cool and the other warm, moving so that the warmer air replaces the cooler air.

​

A warm front is represented as a red line with half circles pointing toward the direction on movement.

​(LOUSY WEATHER)

A low pressure system is a whirling mass of warm, moist air that generally brings stormy weather with strong winds.

​(HAPPY WEATHER)

A high pressure system is a whirling mass of cool, dry air that generally brings fair weather, sunny skies, and light winds.

Rotation, Revolution, Lunar Cycle and Tides ​

Rotation = day and night

Revolution = Seasons

​SPRING TIDE

​

-Twice a month (during full and new moon)

​

-the Earth, Moon, & Sun align (line up) causes the Moon & Sun to pull together on Earth’s oceans.

​

-Higher high tides / lower low tides

​

​NEAP TIDE

​

-Twice a month (during 1st and last quarter moon)

​

-the Earth, Moon, & Sun will form a right angle (90 degrees)

Galaxies, Stars, Sun, Electromagentic spectrum​

​3 Types of galaxies

​

-Spiral

- Elliptical

- Irregular

​

The Milky Way is a special type of spiral galaxy, called a Spiral galaxy. 

​

​Our solar system is located in the arm.

Force, Speed, Velocity, Acceleration, Laws of Motion​

• Speed is the measure how quickly distance changes with time.

• Units for speed include mph with SI unit being m/s.

• Distance = speed x time

• Time = distance / speed

• Speed = distance / time

• Velocity of an object is its speed combined with the direction of the motion

• Just add the direction to the speed and you have velocity

• An example of velocity would be 70mph south

• Acceleration is a measure how quickly velocity changes.

• Acceleration describes the change in velocity over time.

• The SI unit for acceleration is m/s^2

Also known as the "Law of Action/Reaction"

Continental drift theory, Plate tectonics, topographic maps ​

• Collide (crash into each other)

• Create mountains, trenches, volcanoes

At a convergent boundary, plates collide. Heavier (more dense) oceanic crust goes under and melts into the mantle.

• Plates move apart

• Creates mid - ocean ridges and rift valleys

• Creates new crust through Seafloor Spreading

At a divergent boundary, two oceanic plates move apart. This allows mantle material to rise and cool, forming new crust. Older crust moves further away.

• Plates slide past each other

• Creates faults

• Does not destroy or create crust

• The Contour Interval (CI) is the difference in elevation from one contour line to the next.

• Usually, every line isn't marked so you have to determine the CI yourself.

• Let's practice. What is the CI for this topographic map?

• Lines that connect equal points of elevation.

• Any POINT on that line will be the same elevation on that line.

• First, what is the contour interval?

• What is the elevation at point A?

• Point B?

With STEEP slopes, hard to climb, lines would be close together. The STEEP slope of this landform is on the East side.

With GENTLE slopes, easy to climb, lines would be spread apart together. The GENTLE slope on this landform would be on the West side.

A v-shape or u-shaped pattern on a topographic map is used to show a river or stream. The point of the V or the U points to the source of water. Remember, Water flows from a HIGH point to a LOW point. GRAVITY!

Which direction does this RIVER flow?