​Las clases

• ​Instead of "(subject) class," we say "la clase de + subject" in Spanish

• ​Ej.

  • ​la clase de español

  • ​la clase de inglés

  • ​la clase de arte

  • ​la clase de ciencias

  • ​la clase de matemáticas

​Expresiones de frecuencia

​These are used to tell how often you do something!

• ​Ej.

  • ​mucho = a lot

  • ​nunca = never

  • ​siempre = always

  • ​todos los días = everyday

  • ​de vez en cuando = once in a while / from time to time

    • ​"casi" can also modify these --> casi siempre = almost always

​Double negatives...

​We can use a negative word like "nunca" in two places in a sentence.

1. ​Before the conjugated verb

   1. ​Yo nunca estudio. (I never study.)

2. ​Add a "no" before conjugated verb, then place "nunca" at the end

   1. ​Yo no estudio nunca. (I never study.)

​

​Double-negatives are totally fine in Spanish! Pick whichever way you like!

​Tener Expressions

• ​Many expressions that begin with "to be" in English, will begin with "tener" in Spanish. They do not translate directly between languages.

• ​Ej.

  • ​tener hambre = to be hungry

  • ​tener frío = to be cold

  • ​tener # años = to be # years old

  • ​tener sed = to be thirsty

  • ​tener calor = to be hot

  Even though tener is used in these expressions, tener does not mean "to be." Tener means "to have."

​Tener expressions with infinitives

​What's an infinitive?

​An infinitive is an unconjugated verb. In Spanish, it ends with -AR (hablar),

-ER (comer), or -IR (escribir).

​

​Some tener expressions use infinitives.

​Ej.

• ​tener que = to have to

• ​tener que estudiar = to have to study

• ​tener ganas de = to feel like

• ​tener ganas de comer = to feel like eating

​Telling Time...

• ​To ask what time it is (right now), say

  • ​¿Qué hora es?

  • ​

  ​To say what time it is, start with "Son las..."

  • ​Son las dos. = It's 2:00.

  • ​Son las nueve. = It's 9:00.

​But what about the minutes?

​To add minutes to the hour, use the word y.

• ​Son las cinco y cinco. = It's 5:05.

• ​Son las once y diez. = It's 11:10.

​

​To add :15 or :30 minutes, we use special expressions.

• ​:15 = y cuarto (and a quarter hour)

• ​:30 = y media (and a half hour)

​

• ​Son las diez y media. = It's 10:30.

• ​Son las dos y cuarto. = It's 2:15.