​Gerund as indirect object

An indirect object indicates who, whom or what the action is directed toward.

For example, in the sentence "I made studying my priority."​

​Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions

When a gerund follows a preposition, it's an object of the preposition.

For example, in the sentence "I express myself by singing,"​

​Gerunds as Predicate Nouns

Predicate nouns, also known as predicate nominatives, follow a form of the verb "to be" and rename or explain the subject of the sentence.

An example of a gerund act as a predicate noun would be "Lola is sleeping.​