English

1. ​Simple Present

2. ​Present Continuous

3. ​Present Perfect

4. ​Present Perfect Continuous

1. Permanent situations or states

2. Truths or law or nature'

3. Repeated/habitual actions

4. Reviews/sports commentaries/drama narrative

5. Timetables/programmes​

​(be) S+am/is/are

​ S+am/is/are+not

​ Am/is/are+s

​(Verbs) S+V(s/es) or Vo

​ S+don't/doesn't+Vo

​ Do/Does +S+Vo

1. ​Temporary situations

2. ​Changing or developing situations

3. ​Repeated actions with always, constantly, continually, expressing annoyance or criticism

4. ​Actions happening at or around the moment of speaking

5. ​Fixed arrangements in the near future​​ S+be(am/is/are)+V-ing​ S+be(am/is/are) not+V-ing​ Am/is/are +S+V-ing

1. ​Recently completed actions

2. ​Complete past actions connected to the present with stated or unstated time reference

3. ​Personal experiences/changes which have happened

4. ​Emphasis on number

​ S+have/has+Ved/3

​ S+have/has+not+Ved/3

​ Have/has+S+Ved/3

1. ​Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present

2. Past actions of certain duration having visible results or effects in the present

3. ​To express anger, irritation, annoyance, explanation, or criticism

S+have/has+been+V-ing

​ S+have/has+not+been+V-ing

​ Have/has+S+been+V-ing

​Present Perfect Continuous is normally used with For, Since, or How Long to put emphasis on duration

1. ​Past Simple

2. ​Past Continuous

3. ​Past Perfect

4. ​Past Perfect Continuous

1. ​Past actions which happened one immediately after the other

2. ​Past habit or state

3. ​Complete action or event which happened at a stated past time

4. ​Complete past actions not connected to the present with a stated or implied time reference

(V)​ S+Ved/2

​ S+didn't+Vo

​ Did+S+Vo

​(Be) S+was/were

​S+was/were+not

​Was/were+S

​Action in the middle of happening at a stated past time

​Past action in progress interrupted by another past action. The longer action is in the Past Continuous, the shorter action is in the Past Simple

​Two or more simultaneous past actions of certain duration

​ S+was/were+V-ing

​ S+was/were+not+V-ing

​ Was/were+S+V-ing

​Past action which occurred before another action or before a stated past time

Complete past action which had visible results in the past

The Past Perfect is the past equivalent of the Present Perfect

S+had+Ved/3

S+had+not+Ved/3

Had+S+Ved/3

​Action continuing over a period up to a specific time in the past

​Past action of certain duration which had visible results in the past

​The Past Perfect Continuous is the past equivalent of the Present Perfect Continuous

​ S+had+been+V-ing

​ S+had+not+been+V-ing

​ Had+S+been+V-ing

1. ​Future Simple

2. ​Near Future

3. ​Future Continuous

4. ​Future Perfect

5. ​Future Perfect Continuous

​The decision was taken at the moment of speaking (on-the-spot decisions)

​Hopes, fears, threats, offers, promises, warnings, predictions, requests, comments,...

Actions or predictions which may(not) happen in the future

​Things we are not yet sure about or we haven't decided to do yet

​ S+will+Vo

​ S+will not+Vo

​ Will+S+Vo

​Actions intended to be performed in the near future

​Planned actions or intentions

​Evidence that something will definitely happen in the near future

​Things we are sure about or we have already decided to do in the near future

​ S+am/is/are going to+Vo

​ S+am/is/are not going to+Vo

​ Am/is/are+S+going to+Vo

​Actions in progress at a stated future time

​Actions that are the result of a routine

​When we ask politely about people's arrangements to see if they can do something for us or because we want to offer to do something for them

​ S+will+be+V-ing

​ S+will not+V-ing

​ Will+S+be+V-ing

​Actions finished before a stated future time

​Note:by or not...until/till are used with Future Perfect

​ S+will+have+Ved/3

​ S+will+not+have+Ved/3

​ Will+S+have+Ved/3

​Duration of an action up to a certain time in the future

​ S+will+have+been+V-ing

​ S+will+not+have+been+V-ing

​ Will+S+have+been+V-ing

​