​Previous: The Solubility Product

• ​Write chemical equations and equilibrium expressions representing solubility equilibria

• Carry out equilibrium computations involving solubility, equilibrium expressions, and solute concentrations

​​Chapter Outline

16.1 Spontaneity

16.2 Entropy

16.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics

16.4 Free Energy

​​Learning Objectives

• Distinguish between spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes

• Describe the dispersal of matter and energy that accompanies certain spontaneous processes

• ​Define entropy

• Explain the relationship between entropy and the number of microstates

• Predict the sign of the entropy change for chemical and physical processes